Volume 2,Issue 2,2010 Table of Contents

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  • 1  Bioactivities and Pharmaceutical Effects of 1-Aminocyclopro- panecarboxylic Acid
    ZHU Qin-wei KRAEMER Alexander ZHU Xu-xiang
    2010, 2(2):81-105. DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1674-6384.2010.02.001
    [Abstract](3395) [HTML](0) [PDF 822.05 K](8390)
    Abstract:
    Objective The 1-aminocyclopropanecarboxylic acid (ACPC) is a natural micromolecule non-protein amino acid that exists only in plants. Despite the determination of its regulating effects on plants, several bioactivities and effects on animals or humans are still unclear. This review focuses the pharmaceutical effects,above all, the neuroprotective effects of ACPC on the cerebro- and cardiovascular system. Methods Two hundred and seventy nine studies were selected and identified from a total of 2457 references in Medline and Chemical Abstracts from 1957 to 2008. Only 38 articles on neuroprotective effects of ACPC from seven different countries qualified to be included in the analysis. Results ACPC has altogether following six general neuroprotective effects on the brain and nervous system: anti-neurotoxicity induced by NMDA, dynorphin-A, glutamate, and morphine; protection from cerebral neurological injury induced by ischemia; antidepressant and anxiolytic effects; anti-convulsion and -seizures and control of epilepsy; facilitation of spatial learning and memory; and the effect of reducing alcohol consumption. Conclusion ACPC has shown a variety of effects on plants and animals. The bioactivities and pharmaceutical effects on animals are of great significance to medical research and public health. Further clinical trials or epidemiological studies are needed to determine its effect in humans. Food intervention with ACPC-rich vegetables and fruits may be a suitable therapy for cerebro- and cardiovascular system diseases. Administration of trace exogenous ACPC could produce vegetables and fruits of rich endogenous ACPC.
    2  Chemical Constituents and Biological Activities of Plants from Ehretia Linn.
    LI Li PENG Yong YAO Xia XU Li-jia WULAN Ta-na LIU Yong SHI Ren-bing XIAO Pei-gen
    2010, 2(2):106-111. DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1674-6384.2010.02.002
    [Abstract](2571) [HTML](0) [PDF 282.78 K](5189)
    Abstract:
    The plants of the genus Ehretia Linn. composed of about 50 species mainly distributed in tropical Asia and Africa. They have been used as folk medicines or traditional tea to treat various ailments in China for a long time. This contribution reviews the chemical constituents isolated from the plants of the genus Ehretia Linn. and related biological activities of these species in the past few decades. The compounds in the genus mainly belong to the classes of phenolic acids, flavonoids, benzoquinones, cyanogenetic glycosides, and fatty acids. The main biological activities include antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, antisnake venom, and anti-allergic activities.
    3  Simultaneous Analysis of 13 Major Bioactive Components in Evodiae rutaecarpa by HPLC-DAD-MS
    XU Hai-yu ZHANG Tie-jun XIAO Xue-feng ZHAO Ping LIU Chang-xiao XU Jun
    2010, 2(2):112-117. DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1674-6384.2010.02.003
    [Abstract](2094) [HTML](0) [PDF 716.80 K](3198)
    Abstract:
    Objective To control the quality of Evodia rutaecarpa better. Methods An HPLC-DAD-MS/MS method was established for the rapid and efficient identification of bioactive constituents and for simultaneous quantitative analysis of four bioactive ingredients including evodiamine, rutaecarpine, dehydroevodiamine, and evodin in E. rutaecarpa, which was applied to evaluating eight samples of E. rutaecarpa and its varieties from different areas. Results Thirteen potentially bioactive constituents including one flavonoid glycoside, one limonin, four indoloquinazoline alkaloids, and seven quinolone alkaloids were identified in all samples and the contents of dehydroevodiamine, evodine, evodiamine, and rutaecarpine varied widely from 0.10% to 0.51%, 0.49% to 3.12%, 0.07% to 1.56%, and 0.10% to 0.69%, respectively. Conclusion This method is found to be convenient, fast, accurate, and it is facilitated to improve the quality control standard of E. rutaecarpa and related products.
    4  Prevention of Combination of Hirsntella sinensis and Panax notoginseng Extracts on Bleomycin-induced Pulmonary Fibrosis in Mice
    FENG Yi-zhongi ZHANG Yong-sheng CAO Zhi-fei GU Zhen-lun YANG Qing-yao YANG Xiao-tong CHOU Wen-hsien KWOK Chi-yi
    2010, 2(2):118-124. DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1674-6384.2010.02.004
    [Abstract](1708) [HTML](0) [PDF 573.50 K](2774)
    Abstract:
    Objective Hirsntella sinensis (HS) is the anmorph of Ophiocordyceps sinensis (Cordyceps sinensis). O. sinensis and Panax notoginseng are two popular Chinese herbs, commonly used in traditional Chinese prescriptions for the treatment of various diseases. A combination of HS extract with P. notoginseng saponin (PNS) extract demonstrated more prominent lung-protective activity than the two herbs individually used in our preliminary studies. This study further investigated the action of their combination (HSPNS) on anti pulmonary fibrosis using a Bleomycin (BLM) induced mouse model. Methods BLM-treated Kunming mice was given HSPNS daily for 7, 14 or 28 d via ig administration. After treatment, following parameters were monitored using proper methods, respectively. Lung index, serum and lung malondialdehyde (MDA) and hydroxyproline (HYP) contents, lung superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity, transforming growth factor β1 (TGF-β1), and expression levels of collagen Ⅰ (Col-Ⅰ) and collagen Ⅲ (Col-Ⅲ). The lung biopsies were also dissected for semiquantitative histological analysis. Results The results indicated that HSPNS significantly reduced lung index, MDA and HYP contents, and expression levels of TGF-β1, Col-Ⅰ, and Col-Ⅲ. The combination also remarkably enhanced SOD activity compared with BLM-induced group. Moreover, the severe pulmonary fibrosis histopathological changes induced by BLM could be attenuated by HSPNS treatment. Conclusion These results suggest that HSPNS could significantly inhibit the progression of pulmonary fibrosis induced by BLM and its inhibitory effect might associate with its ability to scavenge free radicals, decrease TGF-β1 level, and inhibit collagen synthesis.
    5  Neuroprotection of Glycyrrhizin against Ischemic Vascular Dementia in vivo and Glutamate-induced Damage in vitro
    HOU Yuan-yuan YANG Yang YAO Yang BAI Gang
    2010, 2(2):125-131. DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1674-6384.2010.02.005
    [Abstract](1716) [HTML](0) [PDF 603.34 K](3655)
    Abstract:
    Objective To evaluate the neuroprotective effects of glycyrrhizin (GL) on vascular dementia (VaD) in vivo and Glutamate-induced damage in vitro. Methods Male Wistar rats were subjected to permanent occlusion of the bilateral common carotid arteries. On d 15 postsurgery, rat cognition was assessed using the Morris water maze. The activity of superoxide dismutase and the content of malondialdehyde of brains were also measured. Brain damage was evaluated histologically using HE staining. In vitro cell viability was examined in PC12 cells exposed to Glutamate, and mRNA levels of Bcl-2 and Bax were assessed. Results GL (20 mg/kg for 12 d) improved the performance of learning and memory of VaD rats, decreased the level of lipid peroxidation, and attenuated the pathological alterations in the hippocampal CA1 and CA3 areas. Moreover, GL (0.6 mmol/L) could protect PC12 cell lines from injury induced by Glutamate (10 mmol/L) and inhibit apoptosis of neuronal cells. Conclusion The present findings suggest that GL may have therapeutic potential in treating VaD.
    6  Determination of Shionone in Rat Plasma by HPLC and its Pharmacokinetic study
    TIAN Ya-ping WANG Qiao YANG Wei KONG De-zhi ZHANG Lan-tong
    2010, 2(2):132-135. DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1674-6384.2010.02.006
    [Abstract](1819) [HTML](0) [PDF 325.25 K](3227)
    Abstract:
    Objective To develop a sensitive, simple, and accurate method for the determination of shionone in rat plasma after ig administration of Asteris Radix petroleum ether extract (RAPE). Methods The separation was achieved by HPLC on a RP18 column (150 mm × 3.9 mm, 5 μm) with a mobile phase composed of acetonitrile-0.05% phosphoric acid water (98︰2) at a flow rate of 1.0 mL/min. UV Detector was set at 200 nm and friedelin was chosen as an internal standard. Results The linear range of the standard curves was (0.3443–22.0) μg/mL with the correlation coefficient of 0.9968. The intra- and inter-day precisions were all below 10% and the relative error was ?3.5%–1.1%. Conclusion The developed method can be successfully applied to the pharmacokinetic study. After ig administration of RAPE, T1/2(ka) is (33.09 ± 7.32) min and T1/2(ke) is (84.95 ± 22.34) min.
    7  Virtual Evaluation on Activities of Flavonoids from Scutellaria baicalensis
    SHANG Qian LIU Wei XU Wei-ren LIU Peng HAN Ying-mei CHEN Cheng-lung TANG Li-da
    2010, 2(2):136-140. DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1674-6384.2010.02.007
    [Abstract](1483) [HTML](0) [PDF 391.40 K](2438)
    Abstract:
    Objective To explore the investigation method of complicated and profound traditional Chinese herbal medicine, the potential action mechanisms of flavonoids from Scutellaria baicalensis were studied by docking calculation. Methods In total, eight flavonoids (aglycones and their glicosides) from S. baicalensis were selected as ligands. The crystalline structures of targets related to common diseases were used as the receptors for calculation. The calculations were conducted with Schr?dinger software package. The grading standard of selectivity was developed according to G-score between ligands and receptors. Results Twenty-six pharmacologic actions have been reported. Among all effects in literature, nine of them can be deduced from the docking calculation of aglycone. From glycosides with grade ++, 25 reported effects can be estimated by calculation. Apparently, the target selectivity of aglycones and their glycosides are different form the virtual evaluation. The virtual evaluation results of glycosides were closer to the reported effects. Conclusion Our proposed virtual evaluation method seems an effective way to investigate the complicated system of traditional Chinese herbal medicine. It suggests that aglycones may be effective as the form of glucoside in vivo, and metabolism is a very important factor for virtual evaluation.
    8  Derivative Synthesis of Wanpeinine A, a Major Steroidal Alkaloid from Fritillaria shuchengensis
    WEN Juan ZHOU Xian-li YAN Ren-long HUANG Shuai WANG Yin-hui
    2010, 2(2):141-144. DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1674-6384.2010.02.008
    [Abstract](1714) [HTML](0) [PDF 253.54 K](2065)
    Abstract:
    Objective To design and synthesize derivatives of wanpeinine A, the main steroidal alkaloid isolated from the plant Fritillaria shuchengensis, and further study on the structure-activity relationship of the steroidal alkaloid. Methods Acylation and alkylation were used to synthesize the derivatives and their structures were identified via NMR and MS. Results The acylation of wanpeinine A (1) produced 3β,6α-diacetylwanpeinine A (2), 3β,6α-dipropionyl- wanpeinine A (3), 3β,6α-dichloracetylwanpeinine A (4), 3β,6α-dibenzoylwanpeinine A (5), and 3β-methoxy- acylwanpeinine A (6). The alkylation of wanpeinine A formed 3β,6α-dimethoxymethylwanpeinine A (7). Conclusion All compounds are new except for 3β,6α-diacetylwanpeinine A .
    9  Triterpenoid Saponins from Roots of Gypsophila pacifica
    NIE Wei LUO Jian-guang KONG Ling-yi
    2010, 2(2):145-147. DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1674-6384.2010.02.009
    [Abstract](1686) [HTML](0) [PDF 179.97 K](2568)
    Abstract:
    Objective To study the chemical constituents from the roots of Gypsophila pacifica. Methods The chemical constituents were isolated by various column chromatographic methods and their structures were identified by spectral data together with physicochemical analysis. Results Five compounds were isolated and identified as 3-O-β-D- galactopyranosyl-(1→2)-[β-D-xylopyranosyl-(1→3)]-β-D-glucuronopyranosyl gypsogenin 28-O-β-D-xylopyranosyl- (1→4)-α-L-rhamnopyranosyl-(1→2)-β-D-fucopyranoside (1), 3-O-β-D-galactopyranosyl-(1→2)-[β-D-xylopyranosyl- (1→3)]-β-D-glucuronopyranosyl quillaic acid 28-O-β-D-xylopyranosyl-(1→4)-α-L-rhamnopyranosyl-(1→2)-β-D- fucopyranoside (2), 3-O-β-D-galactopyranosyl-(1→2)-[β-D-xylopyranosyl-(1→3)]-β-D-glucuronopyranosyl gypsogenin 28-O-β-D-glucopyranosyl-(1→3)-[β-D-xylopyranosyl-(1→4)]-α-L-rhamnopyranosyl-(1→2)-β-D-fucopyranoside (3), 3-O-β-D-galactopyranosyl-(1→2)-[β-D-xylopyranosyl-(1→3)]-β-D-glucuronopyranosyl quillaic acid 28-O-β-D- glucopyranosyl-(1→3)-[β-D-xylopyranosyl-(1→4)]-α-L-rhamnopyranosyl-(1→2)-β-D-fucopyranoside (4), 3-O-β-D- galactopyranosyl-(1→2)-[β-D-xylopyranosyl-(1→3)]-β-D-glucuronopyranosyl quillaic acid 28-O-α-L-arabino- pyranosyl-(1→4)-α-L-arabinopyranosyl-(1→3)-β-D-xylopyranosyl-(1→4)-α-L-rhamnopyranosyl-(1→2)-β-D-fuco-pyranoside (5). Conclusion The five compounds are isolated from this plant for the first time.
    10  Isolation and Purification of Isoaloeresin D and Aloin from Aloe vera by High-speed Counter-current Chromatography
    WAN Jin-zhi CHEN Xin-xia QIU Chun-mei LIN Xiang-cheng
    2010, 2(2):148-152. DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1674-6384.2010.02.010
    [Abstract](4180) [HTML](0) [PDF 215.71 K](9573)
    Abstract:
    Objective To develop an efficient method to isolate and purify the main components isoaloeresin D and aloin from Aloe vera for its industrial production. Methods High-speed counter-current chromatography was used to isolate isoaloeresin D and aloin in a one-step separation from dried crude extract of A. vera. The biphasic solvent system composed of hexane-ethyl acetate-acetone-water (0.2︰5︰1.5︰5) was used at a flow rate of 1.0 mL/min, while the lipophilic phase was selected as the mobile phase and the apparatus was rotated at 840 r/min. The effluent was detected at 254 nm. Results Isoaloeresin D (53.1 mg) and aloin (106.9 mg) were separated from the crude extract (384.7 mg) with the purities of 98.6% and 99.5%, respectively. Conclusion HSCCC is a powerful technique for isolation and separation of chemical composition from aloe.
    11  Fingerprint Analysis of Four Variants of Chrysanthemi Morifoli Flos by RP-HPLC
    SHEN Zhi ZHANG Wen-ting HUA Yun-fei ZHAO Wei-liang
    2010, 2(2):153-156. DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1674-6384.2010.02.011
    [Abstract](2172) [HTML](0) [PDF 1.89 M](2806)
    Abstract:
    Objective To establish a RP-HPLC fingerprint analysis method for quality evaluation and control of the four variants of Chrysanthemi Morifoli Flos. Methods RP-HPLC was used to establish the fingerprint method. Results Despite of the similarity in terms of holistic HPLC chromatograms, the four variants of Chrysanthemi Morifoli Flos exhibit characteristic fingerprints and can be readily recognized by similarity clusters. Conclusion A simple and reliable HPLC fingerprint method has been developed and validated to authenticate the four variants of Chrysanthemi Morifoli Flos, providing a scientific basis for quality control of Chrysanthemi Morifoli Flos.
    12  Pharmacopoeia of the People’s Republic of China (2010 Edition): A Milestone in Development of China’s Healthcare
    QIAN Zhong-zhi DAN Yang LIU Yan-ze PENG Yong
    2010, 2(2):157-159. DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1674-6384.年份.期.第几篇文章
    [Abstract](4976) [HTML](0) [PDF 217.57 K](23987)
    Abstract:

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