2. 中国医学科学院 北京协和医学院药用植物研究所, 北京 100193 ;
3. 广西师范学院化学与材料科学学院, 广西 南宁 530001
2. Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100193, China ;
3. College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Guangxi Teachers Education University, Nanning 530001, China
苏木Caesalpinia sappan Linn. 是豆科(Leguminosae)云实属Caesalpinia Linn. 植物苏木的干燥心材,又名苏枋、芳方木、苏方。原产印度、缅甸、越南、马来半岛及斯里兰卡,我国云南、贵州、广东、广西、福建和台湾省有栽培[1-2]。苏木心材入药,多于秋季采伐,除去白色边材,干燥,即得。性甘、咸、平,归心、肝、脾经,具有活血祛瘀、消肿止痛的作用,用于跌打损伤、骨折筋伤、瘀滞肿痛、经闭痛经、产后瘀阻、胸腹刺痛、痈疽肿痛症状[3]。近年来大量药理及临床研究证实,苏木在细胞和分子水平均有免疫抑制作用,另外还有抗炎、改善微循环、抗氧化等作用[4-5]。此外,苏木作为天然色素,广泛应用于食品、日化、皮革及织物染色等行业,在病理实验中还被用作细胞组织切片的染色剂[6]。至今,国内外学者从苏木中分离得到了近百种化合物,包括高异黄酮类、黄酮类等多种结构类型,研究较为深入[7]。然而,有关苏木种子的研究报道颇为少见,因此,本课题组选择苏木种子为研究对象,对其95%甲醇提取物进行系统研究,从中分离得到14个化合物,分别鉴定为phanginin F(1)、phanginin G(2)、phanginin H(3)、phanginin I(4)、phanginin J(5)、phanginin K(6)、phanginin L(7)、phanginin M(8)、柚皮素(naringenin,9)、homoeriodictyol(10)、steraric acid(11)、1H-azirino [1,2-a] indole(12)、serlyticin A(13)、山柰酚(kaempferol,14)。化合物9~14为首次从云实属植物中分离得到。
1 仪器与材料BrukerAvance Ⅲ 600型核磁共振波谱仪(德国Bruker公司),赛默飞世尔LTQ-Obitrap XL液质联用仪(美国Thermo Fisher公司),柱色谱硅胶(青岛海洋化工有限公司),柱色谱薄层色谱用硅胶G、H、GF254,Sephadex LH-20凝胶(Pharmaciagongsi公司),MCI(日本三菱化学公司),常规试剂均为分析纯。
苏木药材采集于广西南宁市,经广西药用植物园袁经权研究员鉴定为苏木Caesalpinia sappan Linn. 干燥种子。样品(130854)保存于广西药用植物园。
2 提取与分离苏木种子5.0 kg,经过干燥粉碎,加入95%甲醇(约20 L)加热回流提取3次,每次3 h,合并提取液,减压浓缩得到总浸膏1 267 g。苏木种子总浸膏用适量水进行分散处理后,分别用石油醚(60~90 ℃)、氯仿、醋酸乙酯、正丁醇各萃取3次,每次2 L,将萃取液减压浓缩至干,称量得石油醚部位总浸膏374 g、氯仿部位总浸膏201 g、醋酸乙酯部位总浸膏56 g、正丁醇部位总浸膏329 g。
对氯仿部位总浸膏201 g进行硅胶柱色谱分离,氯仿-甲醇(1:0→1:1)梯度洗脱,得到11个流分Fr. SC1~SC11,对Fr. SC4(12.4 g,氯仿-甲醇1:0部位)进行硅胶柱色谱反复分离纯化得到化合物1(6.3 mg)、11(12.1 mg)、12(8.4 mg),对Fr. SC5(8.7 g,氯仿-甲醇100:1部位)进行硅胶柱色谱反复分离纯化得到化合物2(16.3 mg)、3(10.1 mg)、4(11.7 mg)、5(4.3 mg)、6(7.5 mg)13(14.7 mg),对Fr. SC6(5.3 g,氯仿-甲醇80:1部位)进行硅胶柱色谱反复分离纯化得到化合物14(19.4 mg),对Fr. SC7(14.1g,氯仿-甲醇60:1部位)进行硅胶柱色谱反复分离纯化得到化合物7(2.6 mg)、8(7.4 mg)、9(3.7 mg)、10(2.1 mg)。
3 结构鉴定化合物1:白色粉末,易溶于氯仿、甲醇。ESI-MS m/z: 399 [M+Na]+。1H-NMR (600 MHz,CDCl3) δ: 0.96 (3H,d,J = 7.2 Hz,H-17),4.07,4.22 (2H,d,J = 12.0 Hz,H-19),5.47 (1H,s,H-20),6.22 (1H,d,J = 1.2 Hz,H-15),7.35 (1H,d,J = 1.2 Hz,H-16),3.68 (3H,s,18-OCH3);13C-NMR (150 MHz,CDCl3) δ: 33.9 (C-1),20.4 (C-2),37.7 (C-3),45.0 (C-4),46.3 (C-5),23.8 (C-6),28.2 (C-7),38.5 (C-8),43.4 (C-9),40.9 (C-10),71.1 (C-11),147.9 (C-12),129.0 (C-13),31.8 (C-14),109.2 (C-15),143.2 (C-16),14.0 (C-17),174.4 (C-18),70.0 (C-19),104.6 (C-20),51.6 (18-OCH3)。以上数据与文献报道一致[8],故鉴定化合物1为phanginin F。
化合物2:白色粉末,易溶于氯仿、甲醇。ESI-MS m/z: 383 [M+Na]+。1H-NMR (600 MHz,CDCl3) δ: 0.94 (3H,d,J = 7.2 Hz,H-17),1.25 (3H,s,H-19),5.52 (1H,s,H-20),6.23 (1H,d,J = 1.2 Hz,H-15),7.33 (1H,d,J = 1.2 Hz,H-16),3.69 (3H,s,18-OCH3);13C-NMR (150 MHz,CDCl3) δ: 36.0 (C-1),19.0 (C-2),37.1 (C-3),48.1 (C-4),48.5 (C-5),24.8 (C-6),29.9 (C-7),38.2 (C-8),48.7 (C-9),47.9 (C-10),69.3 (C-11),147.0 (C-12),128.0 (C-13),32.2 (C-14),109.3 (C-15),142.8 (C-16),14.4 (C-17),179.0 (C-18),17.3 (C-19),103.3 (C-20),51.9 (18-OCH3)。以上数据与文献报道一致[8],故将化合物2鉴定为phanginin G。
化合物3:白色粉末,易溶于氯仿、甲醇。ESI-MS m/z: 367 [M+Na]+。1H-NMR (600 MHz,CDCl3) δ: 0.97 (3H,d,J = 7.2 Hz,H-17),0.99 (3H,s,H-19),5.52 (1H,s,H-20),3.92,3.97 (2H,d,J = 8.4 Hz,H-20),6.23 (1H,d,J = 1.2 Hz,H-15),7.31 (1H,d,J = 1.2 Hz,H-16),3.69 (3H,s,18-OCH3);13C-NMR (150 MHz,CDCl3) δ: 36.0 (C-1),18.3 (C-2),36.8 (C-3),47.6 (C-4),47.5 (C-5),25.0 (C-6),30.1 (C-7),37.1 (C-8),49.4 (C-9),45.9 (C-10),68.7 (C-11),148.3 (C-12),127.3 (C-13),32.2 (C-14),109.1 (C-15),142.8 (C-16),14.7 (C-17),178.5 (C-18),15.8 (C-19),70.3 (C-20),51.9 (18-OCH3)。以上数据与文献报道一致[8],故将化合物3鉴定为phanginin H。
化合物4:白色粉末,易溶于氯仿、甲醇。ESI-MS m/z: 367 [M+Na]+。1H-NMR (600 MHz CDCl3) δ: 1.00 (3H,d,J = 7.2 Hz,H-17),1.04 (3H,s,H-19),10.2 (1H,s,H-20),6.15 (1H,d,J = 1.2 Hz,H-15),7.19 (1H,d,J = 1.2 Hz,H-16),3.69 (3H,s,18-OCH3);13C-NMR (150 MHz,CDCl3) δ: 31.9 (C-1),18.3 (C-2),36.6 (C-3),51.4 (C-4),49.9 (C-5),23.1 (C-6),30.8 (C-7),36.7 (C-8),44.4 (C-9),47.3 (C-10),23.0 (C-11),148.3 (C-12),122.3 (C-13),31.5 (C-14),109.4 (C-15),140.7 (C-16),16.7 (C-17),178.2 (C-18),15.8 (C-19),208.4 (C-20),51.9 (18-OCH3)。以上数据与文献报道一致[8],故将化合物4鉴定为phanginin I。
化合物5:白色粉末,易溶于氯仿、甲醇。ESI-MS m/z: 381 [M+Na]+。1H-NMR (600 MHz,CDCl3) δ: 1.00 (3H,d,J = 7.2 Hz,H-17),9.68 (1H,s,H-19),9.98 (1H,s,H-20),6.16 (1H,d,J = 1.2 Hz,H-15),7.19 (1H,d,J = 1.2 Hz,H-16),3.77 (3H,s,18-OCH3);13C-NMR (150 MHz,CDCl3) δ: 31.8 (C-1),19.0 (C-2),30.6 (C-3),60.7 (C-4),48.1 (C-5),23.1 (C-6),31.1 (C-7),36.7 (C-8),44.1 (C-9),50.8 (C-10),23.2 (C-11),147.8 (C-12),122.4 (C-13),31.5 (C-14),109.4 (C-15),140.7 (C-16),17.1 (C-17),173.2 (C-18),198.5 (C-19),206.4 (C-20),52.7 (18-OCH3)。以上数据与文献报道一致[8],故将化合物5鉴定为phanginin J。
化合物6:白色粉末,易溶于氯仿、甲醇。ESI-MS m/z: 411 [M+Na]+。1H-NMR (600 MHz,CDCl3) δ: 1.01 (3H,d,J = 7.2 Hz,H-17),10.04 (1H,s,H-20),6.17 (1H,d,J = 1.2 Hz,H-15),7.21 (1H,d,J = 1.2 Hz,H-16),3.70 (3H,s,18-OCH3),3.74 (3H,s,19-OCH3);13C-NMR (150 MHz,CDCl3) δ: 32.3 (C-1),20.0 (C-2),34.1 (C-3),58.7 (C-4),50.1 (C-5),24.1 (C-6),31.2 (C-7),36.9 (C-8),44.2 (C-9),51.4 (C-10),23.5 (C-11),148.1 (C-12),122.4 (C-13),31.5 (C-14),109.4 (C-15),140.7 (C-16),17.1 (C-17),171.2 (C-18),172.8 (C-19),206.4 (C-20),52.1 (18-OCH3),52.7 (19-OCH3)。以上数据与文献报道一致[8],故将化合物6鉴定为phanginin K。
化合物7:白色粉末,易溶于氯仿、甲醇。ESI-MS m/z: 425 [M+Na]+。1H-NMR (600 MHz,CDCl3) δ: 1.00 (3H,d,J = 7.2 Hz,H-17),1.07 (3H,s,H-19),10.2 (1H,s,H-20),1.98 (3H,s,3-OAc),6.15 (1H,d,J = 1.2 Hz,H-15),7.20 (1H,d,J = 1.2 Hz,H-16),3.70 (3H,s,18-OCH3);13C-NMR (150 MHz,CDCl3) δ: 32.3 (C-1),23.8 (C-2),76.2 (C-3),51.9 (C-4),50.2 (C-5),22.6 (C-6),30.6 (C-7),36.6 (C-8),44.2 (C-9),50.8 (C-10),23.2 (C-11),147.8 (C-12),122.4 (C-13),31.5 (C-14),109.4 (C-15),140.9 (C-16),17.0 (C-17),175.5 (C-18),11.0 (C-19),207.2 (C-20),52.4 (18-OCH3),21.0,169.9 (3-OAc)。以上数据与文献报道一致[9],故将化合物7鉴定为phanginin L。
化合物8:白色粉末,易溶于氯仿、甲醇。ESI-MS m/z: 395 [M+Na]+。1H-NMR (600 MHz,CDCl3) δ: 1.05 (3H,d,J = 7.2 Hz,H-17),9.92 (1H,s,H-19),6.27 (1H,d,J = 1.2 Hz,H-15),7.38 (1H,d,J = 1.2 Hz,H-16),3.74 (3H,s,18-OCH3);13C-NMR (150 MHz,CDCl3) δ: 29.9 (C-1),18.8 (C-2),29.5 (C-3),59.8 (C-4),45.7 (C-5),26.0 (C-6),32.6 (C-7),38.7 (C-8),45.7 (C-9),49.2 (C-10),69.3 (C-11),144.5 (C-12),131.0 (C-13),31.9 (C-14),109.4 (C-15),144.3 (C-16),15.0 (C-17),173.7 (C-18),195.3 (C-19),176.7 (C-20),52.7 (18-OCH3)。以上数据与文献报道一致[9],故将化合物8鉴定为phanginin M。
化合物9:淡黄色粉末,易溶于甲醇。ESI-MS m/z: 273 [M+H]+。1H-NMR (600 MHz,DMSO-d6) δ: 2.64 (1H,dd,J = 18.0,3.6 Hz,H-3),2.95 (1H,dd,J = 18.0,12.6 Hz,H-3),5.26 (1H,dd,J = 12.6,3.6 Hz,H-2),6.28 (1H,d,J = 2.4 Hz,H-6),6.34 (1H,d,J = 2.4 Hz,H-8),6.81 (2H,d,J = 8.4 Hz,H-3′,5′),7.30 (2H,d,J = 8.4 Hz,H-2′,6′)。以上数据与文献报道一致[10],故将化合物9鉴定为柚皮素。
化合物10:淡黄色粉末,易溶于甲醇。ESI-MS m/z: 303 [M+H]+。1H-NMR (600 MHz,DMSO-d6) δ: 2.72 (1H,dd,J = 18.0,3.6 Hz,H-3),3.01 (1H,dd,J = 18.0,12.6 Hz,H-3),5.32 (1H,dd,J = 12.6,3.6 Hz,H-2),6.28 (1H,d,J = 2.4 Hz,H-6),6.34 (1H,d,J = 2.4 Hz,H-8),6.87 (1H,d,J = 1.2 Hz,H-2′),6.72 (1H,d,J = 8.4 Hz,H-5′),6.75 (1H,dd,J = 8.4,1.2 Hz,H-6′),3.68 (3H,s,5′-OCH3)。以上数据与文献报道一致[11],故将化合物10鉴定为homoeriodictyol。
化合物11:无色粉末,EI-MS m/z: 284 [M]+,241,285 (22),129 (51),115 (16)。1H-NMR (600 MHz,CDCl3) δ: 0.88 (3H,dd,J = 5.4,6.8 Hz,H-18),2.34 (2H,t,J = 7.2 Hz,H-2),1.64 (2H,m,H-3),1.25~1.31 (28H,m,H-4~17);13C-NMR (150 MHz,CDCl3) δ: 14.1 (C-18),22.7 (C-17),24.7 (C-3),29.1,29.2,29.4,29.4,29.6,29.7 (C4-15),31.9 (C-16),33.9 (C-2),179.5 (C-1)。以上数据与文献报道一致[12],故将化合物11鉴定为steraric acid。
化合物12:淡黄色粉末,易溶于氯仿。ESI-MS m/z: 152 [M+Na]+。1H-NMR (600 MHz,CDCl3) δ: 6.38 (1H,d,J = 7.8 Hz,H-3),6.53 (1H,m,H-4),6.92 (1H,m,H-5),7.08 (1H,d,J = 7.8 Hz,H-6),5.69 (1H,s,H-1),3.73 (2H,s,H-9);13C-NMR (150 MHz,CDCl3) δ: 118.7 (C-1),150.4 (C-2),113.4 (C-3),128.8 (C-4),117.1 (C-5),127.2 (C-6),98.1 (C-7),139.7 (C-8),50.8 (C-9)。以上数据与文献报道一致[13],故将化合物12鉴定为1H-azirino [1,2-a] indole。
化合物13:淡黄色粉末,易溶于氯仿,甲醇。ESI-MS m/z: 381 [M+H]+。1H-NMR (600 MHz,CD3OD) δ: 3.68 (2H,s,H-2),7.14 (1H,s,H-3),7.54 (1H,d,J = 8.0 Hz,H-6),6.99 (1H,dd,J = 8.0,8.0 Hz,H-6),7.07 (1H,dd,J = 8.0,8.0 Hz,H-7),7.33 (1H,d,J = 8.0 Hz,H-8);13C-NMR (150 MHz,CD3OD) δ: 177.5 (C-1),32.8 (C-2),124.4 (C-3),109.6 (C-4),128.8 (C-4a),119.5 (C-5),119.7 (C-6),122.3 (C-7),112.1 (C-8),138.0 (C-8a)。以上数据与文献报道一致[14],故将化合物13鉴定为serlyticin A。
化合物14:黄色粉末,易溶于甲醇。ESI-MS m/z: 287 [M+H]+。1H-NMR (600 MHz,DMSO-d6) δ: 6.19 (1H,d,J = 1.8 Hz,H-6),6.44 (1H,d,J = 1.8 Hz,H-8),6.92 (2H,d,J = 9.6 Hz,H-3′,5′),8.03 (2H,d,J = 9.6 Hz,H-2′,6′);13C-NMR (150 MHz,DMSO-d6) δ: 146.9 (C-2),135.8 (C-3),176.0 (C-4),156.3 (C-5),98.4 (C-6),164.0 (C-7),93.7 (C-8),160.8 (C-9),103.2 (C-10),121.8 (C-1′),129.7 (C-2′,6′),115.6 (C-3′,5′),159.3 (C-4′)。以上数据与文献报道一致[15],故将化合物14鉴定为山柰酚。
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