中草药  2016, Vol. 47 Issue (14): 2436-2440
0
  PDF    
石崖茶的化学成分研究
刘书霞1,2,3, 李振麟1,3, 兰太进4, 左其艳1,2,3, 钱士辉1,3, 蒋建勤2     
1. 江苏省中医药研究院 中药质量和代谢组研究室, 江苏 南京 210028 ;
2. 中国药科大学中药学院, 江苏 南京 210009 ;
3. 江苏省农业种质资源保护与利用平台, 江苏 南京 210014 ;
4. 广西中医药大学基础医学院, 广西 南宁 530022
摘要: 目的 研究石崖茶Adinandra nitida的化学成分。 方法 运用色谱方法分离纯化,经波谱数据和理化性质鉴定化合物结构。 结果 从石崖茶的甲醇提取物中分离鉴定13个萜类化合物,包括11个三萜:乌索酸(1)、18-羟基乌索酸(2)、2α, 3α-二羟基乌苏酸(3)、3α, 19α-二羟基乌苏酸(4)、蔷薇酸(5)、3β, 19α, 23-三羟基酸(6)、2α, 3α-二羟基乌苏酸-28-O-β-D-葡萄糖苷(7)、kajiichigaside F1(8)、齐墩果酸(9)、arjunetin(10)、白桦脂酸(11),2个二萜:cassipourol(12)、α-生育酚(13)及2个甾体化合物:胡萝卜苷(14)、β-谷甾醇(15)。 结论 化合物1~467911~13为首次从石崖茶中分离得到。
关键词: 石崖茶     三萜     二萜     甾体化合物     乌索酸     齐墩果酸     α-生育酚    
Chemical constituents from leaves ofA dinandra nitida
LIU Shu-xia1,2,3, LI Zhen-lin1,3, LAN Tai-jin4, ZUO Qi-yan1,2,3, QIAN Shi-hui1,3, JIANG Jian-qin2     
1. Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis and Metabolomics, Jiangsu Province Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210028, China ;
2. School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China ;
3. Jiangsu Province Platform for Conservation and Utilization of Agricultural Germplasm, Nanjing 210014, China ;
4. School of Basic Medicine Science, Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanning 530022, China
Abstract: Objective To study the chemical constituents from the leaves ofAdinandra nitida. Methods The chemical constituents of the plant were isolated and purified by column chromatography and their structures were elucidated on the basis of physicochemical properties and spectral data. Results Eleven triterpenoids, two diterpenoids, and two steroids were obtained and determined to be ursolic acid (1), 18-hydroxyursolic acid (2), 2α, 3α-dihydroxyursolic acid (3), 3α, 19α-dihydroxyursolic acid (4), euscaphic acid (5), 3β, 19α, 23-trihydroxyursolic acid (6), 2α, 3α-dihydroxyursolic acid-28-O-β-D-glucopyranoside (7), kajiichigaside F1 (8), oleanolic acid (9), arjunetin (10), betulinic acid (11), cassipourol (12), α-tocopherol (13), daucosterol (14), andβ-sitosterol (15). Conclusion Compounds 1-4, 6, 7, 9, and 11-13 are obtained from the leaves ofA.nitida for the first time.
Key words: leaves of Adinandra nitida     triterpenoid     diterpenoid     steroids     ursolic acid     oleanolic acid     α-tocopherol    

石崖茶系山茶科(Theaceae)杨桐属Adinandra Jack植物亮叶黄瑞木Adinandra nitida Merr. ex H. L. Li的干燥叶[1],又名石芽茶、石岩茶、石山茶、亮叶杨桐、亮叶红淡、亮叶黄瑞木,主要分布于我国广西、广东和贵州等地,资源丰富,民间应用该植物的历史悠久。石崖茶香气浓郁,味先微苦而后甘凉清甜[2],具有清热解毒、护肝明目、消炎润肺、养颜降压、调血脂、健胃消食等作用,是一种保健和药用价值都很高的野生植物。石崖茶中主要含有类黄酮、三萜皂苷类、茶多酚、多糖等成分。其中黄酮的量高达28.4%,是目前已知黄酮量最高的植物[3]。为进一步开发利用该植物资源,探索石崖茶的活性成分,本实验对其进行了系统的化学成分研究,从中共分离得到11个三萜:乌索酸(ursolic acid,1)、18-羟基乌索酸(18-hydroxyursolic acid,2)、2α, 3α-二羟基乌苏酸(2α, 3α-dihydroxyursolic acid,3)、3α, 19α-二羟基乌苏酸(3α, 19α-dihydroxyursolic acid,4)、蔷薇酸(euscaphic acid,5)、3β, 19α, 23-三羟基酸(3β, 19α, 23-trihydroxyursolic acid,6)、2α, 3α-二羟基乌苏酸-28-O-β-D-葡萄糖苷(2α, 3α-dihydroxyursolic acid-28-O-β-D-glucopyranoside,7)、kajiichigaside f1(8)、齐墩果酸(oleanolic acid,9)、arjunetin(10)、白桦脂酸(betulinic acid,11),2个二萜:cassipourol(12)、α-生育酚(α-tocopherol,13)及2个甾体化合物:胡萝卜苷(daucosterol,14)、β-谷甾醇(β-sitosterol,15)。其中化合物146791113为首次从石崖茶中分离得到。

1 仪器和材料

ZF-I型三用紫外分析仪(上海光豪分析仪器有限公司),ULTRA SHIELD 400 plus核磁共振仪(Bruker),柱色谱硅胶(青岛海洋化工厂)、薄层色谱HSGF254硅胶板(烟台江友硅胶开发有限公司),Sephadex LH-20柱色谱材料(Pharmacia Biotech公司),MCI柱色谱材料(日本Mitsubishi Chemical Corporation公司,CHP20P,70~150μm)、RP-C8柱色谱材料(Merck公司,50μm);所用试剂均为分析纯。

石崖茶于2014年12月购自广西金秀,经江苏省中医药研究院钱士辉研究员鉴定为山茶科杨桐属植物亮叶黄瑞木Adinandra nitida Merr. ex H. L. Li的干燥叶,标本(2014121501)存放于江苏省中医药研究院中药质量与代谢组研究室。

2 提取与分离

石崖茶10 kg用甲醇冷浸提取3次,合并浸提液减压浓缩,回收甲醇,加水混悬后分别用石油醚、醋酸乙酯萃取,得到石油醚萃取部位浸膏123.2 g、醋酸乙酯萃取部位浸膏304.0 g。取石油醚部位浸膏,硅胶柱色谱,石油醚-醋酸乙酯梯度洗脱(100∶1~1∶1),得到25个流份(Fr. 1~Fr. 25)。Fr. 4经反复Sephadex LH-20凝胶柱(石油醚-氯仿-甲醇5∶5∶1)洗脱,结合硅胶柱(石油醚-醋酸乙酯100∶1)、C8反相柱(95%等度)纯化得到化合物13(91.58 mg);Fr. 9经甲醇重结晶得到化合物15(0.6 g);Fr. 13与Fr. 14合并后经硅胶柱(石油醚-醋酸乙酯50∶1~10∶1梯度洗脱)结合Sephadex LH-20凝胶柱(石油醚-氯仿-甲醇5∶5∶1)纯化得到化合物9(9.35 mg);Fr. 16经Sephadex LH-20凝胶柱(石油醚-氯仿-甲醇5∶5∶1)纯化得到化合物3(18.51 mg);合并Fr. 20、21、22,经抽滤得到化合物14(1.2 g)。醋酸乙酯部位浸膏经硅胶柱色谱,二氯甲烷-甲醇(50∶1~1∶1)梯度洗脱,得到18个流份(Fr. 26~Fr. 43)。Fr. 27经硅胶柱(石油醚-醋酸乙酯30∶1)洗脱,结合C8反相柱(90%~100%)得到化合物12(76.50 mg);Fr. 29经甲醇重结晶得到化合物15(2.5 g);Fr. 31经硅胶柱(石油醚-醋酸乙酯5∶1)结合石油醚重结晶得到化合物11(10.04 mg);Fr. 32经硅胶柱(石油醚-醋酸乙酯20∶1~5∶1梯度洗脱)结合甲醇重结晶、Sephadex LH-20凝胶柱(甲醇)及C8反相柱(70%甲醇-水)得到化合物4(3.28 mg);Fr. 33经Sephadex LH-20凝胶柱(甲醇)结合甲醇重结晶得到化合物5(13.76 mg);Fr. 34经Sephadex LH-20凝胶柱(甲醇)、反复硅胶柱(二氯甲烷-甲醇50∶1~30∶1梯度洗脱、氯仿-甲醇35∶1等度洗脱)及反相柱(甲醇-水70%~80%梯度洗脱)得到化合物6(5.47 mg);Fr. 36经硅胶柱(二氯甲烷-甲醇50∶1~1∶1梯度洗脱)结合Sephadex LH-20凝胶柱(氯仿-甲醇1∶1)及甲醇重结晶纯化得到化合物1(13.22 mg)和2(3.78 mg);Fr. 38经Sephadex LH-20凝胶柱(甲醇)结合甲醇重结晶纯化得到化合物7(25.50 mg);Fr. 41经硅胶柱(二氯甲烷-甲醇30∶1~1∶1梯度洗脱)、C8反相柱(甲醇-水梯度10%~60%洗脱)及Sephadex LH-20凝胶柱(甲醇)反复纯化得到化合物10(5.22 mg)和8(51.32 mg)。

3 结构鉴定

化合物1:白色粉末,10%硫酸-乙醇显粉红色。ESI-MS m/z: 455.41 [M-H]-,相对分子质量为456,分子式为C30H48O31H-NMR (400 MHz, C5D5N) δ: 5.51 (1H, t, J=3.5 Hz, H-12), 3.48 (1H, dd, J=10.2, 5.9 Hz, H-3), 2.66 (1H, d, J=11.2 Hz, H-18), 1.27, 1.25, 1.08, 1.04, 0.91 (5×3H, s), 1.02 (3H, d, J=6.5 Hz, H-30), 0.97 (3H, d, J=6.3 Hz, H-29);13C-NMR (100 MHz, C5D5N) δ: 39.6 (C-1), 28.6 (C-2), 78.6 (C-3), 39.9 (C-4), 56.3 (C-5), 19.3 (C-6), 34.1 (C-7), 40.5 (C-8), 48.5 (C-9, 17), 37.9 (C-10), 24.1 (C-11), 126.1 (C-12), 139.8 (C-13), 43.0 (C-14), 29.3 (C-15), 25.4 (C-16), 54.0 (C-18), 40.0 (C-19), 39.9 (C-20), 31.6 (C-21), 37.8 (C-22), 29.2 (C-23), 17.1 (C-24), 16.2 (C-25), 18.0 (C-26), 24.4 (C-27), 180.4 (C-28), 18.0 (C-29), 21.9 (C-30)。以上数据与文献报道基本一致[4],故鉴定化合物1为乌索酸。

化合物2:白色粉末,10%硫酸-乙醇显粉红色。ESI-MS m/z: 471.42 [M-H]-,相对分子质量为472,分子式为C30H48O41H-NMR (400 MHz, C5D5N) δ: 5.63 (1H, t, J=3.7 Hz, H-12), 3.46 (1H, dd, J=10.6, 5.5 Hz, H-3), 1.75, 1.47, 1.25, 1.05, 0.94 (5×3H, s), 1.14 (3H, d, J=6.4 Hz, H-30), 1.13 (3H, d, J=6.5 Hz, H-29);13C-NMR (100 MHz, C5D5N) δ: 34.0 (C-1), 26.8 (C-2), 78.6 (C-3), 39.8 (C-4), 56.3 (C-5), 19.3 (C-6), 37.7 (C-7), 40.8 (C-8), 48.2 (C-9), 38.9 (C-10), 24.4 (C-11), 128.5 (C-12), 140.3 (C-13), 42.5 (C-14), 28.45 (C-15), 27.3 (C-16), 48.7 (C-17), 73.1 (C-18), 55.0 (C-19), 42.8 (C-20), 29.7 (C-21), 39.4 (C-22), 29.2 (C-23), 16.0 (C-24), 16.9 (C-25), 17.1 (C-26), 25.1 (C-27), 181.0 (C-28), 17.6 (C-29), 27.5 (C-30)。以上数据与文献报道基本一致[5],故鉴定化合物2为18-羟基乌索酸。

化合物3:白色粉末,10%硫酸-乙醇显粉红色。ESI-MS m/z: 471.43 [M-H]-, 507.38 [M+Cl]-, 517.39 [M+HCOO]-,相对分子质量为472,分子式为C30H48O41H-NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d6) δ: 11.90 (1H, s, H-28), 5.14 (1H, brs, H-12), 4.07 (1H, d, J=6.2 Hz, H-2), 3.95 (1H, d, J=3.2 Hz, H-3), 1.05, 0.90, 0.89, 0.78, 0.74 (5×3H, s), 0.91 (3H, d, J=4.0 Hz, H-29), 0.82 (3H, d, J=6.3 Hz, H-30);13C-NMR (100 MHz, DMSO-d6) δ: 41.7 (C-1), 64.6 (C-2), 77.8 (C-3), 38.4 (C-4), 46.7 (C-5), 17.5 (C-6), 32.6 (C-7), 38.7 (C-8), 47.5 (C-9), 37.7 (C-10), 22.8 (C-11), 124.5 (C-12), 138.2 (C-13), 40.3 (C-14), 27.4 (C-15), 23.3 (C-16), 46.8 (C-17), 52.3 (C-18), 38.3 (C-19), 37.9 (C-20), 30.1 (C-21), 36.2 (C-22), 28.8 (C-23), 21.8 (C-24), 16.2 (C-25), 16.9 (C-26), 23.7 (C-27), 178.2 (C-28), 16.9 (C-29), 21.0 (C-30)。经与文献波谱数据对照[6],鉴定化合物3为2α, 3α-二羟基乌索酸。

化合物4:白色粉末,10%硫酸-乙醇显紫红色。ESI-MS m/z: 473.45 [M+H]+, 455.35 [M+H-H2O]+, 471.44 [M-H]-, 507.40 [M+Cl]-。相对分子质量为472,分子式为C30H48O41H-NMR (400 MHz, C5D5N) δ: 5.62 (1H, brs, H-12), 3.62 (1H, d, J=3.2 Hz, H-3), 3.06 (1H, s, H-18), 1.65, 1.43, 1.23, 1.14, 0.95, 0.90 (6×3H, s), 1.12 (3H, d, J=6.7 Hz, H-30);13C-NMR (100 MHz, C5D5N) δ: 39.2 (C-1), 50.9 (C-2), 76.5 (C-3), 38.8 (C-4), 50.6 (C-5), 20.1 (C-6), 34.9 (C-7), 41.9 (C-8), 48.9 (C-9), 34.9 (C-10), 25.3 (C-11), 129.4 (C-12), 141.2 (C-13), 43.6 (C-14), 30.5 (C-15), 27.7 (C-16), 49.6 (C-17), 55.9 (C-18), 74.0 (C-19), 43.4 (C-20), 28.2 (C-21), 39.8 (C-22), 30.6 (C-23), 24.0 (C-24), 16.8 (C-25), 18.6 (C-26), 25.9 (C-27), 182.0 (C-28), 28.4 (C-29), 18.1 (C-30)。经与文献波谱数据对照[7],鉴定化合物4为3α, 19α-二羟基乌索酸。

化合物5:白色粉末,10%硫酸-乙醇显紫红色。ESI-MS m/z: 487.43 [M-H]-, 469.39 [M-H-H2O]-, 489.42 [M+H]+, 506.37 [M+H2O], 523.38 [M+Cl]-,相对分子质量为488,分子式为C30H48O51H-NMR (400 MHz, C5D5N) δ: 5.03 (1H, brs, H-12), 4.32 (1H, ddd, J=11.7, 4.4, 2.7 Hz, H-2), 3.78 (1H, d, J=2.7 Hz, H-3), 3.05 (1H, s, H-18), 1.66, 1.43, 1.28, 1.12, 1.00, 0.92 (6×3H, s), 1.13 (3H, d, J=6.5 Hz, H-30);13C-NMR (100 MHz, C5D5N) δ: 42.1 (C-1), 65.9 (C-2), 79.1 (C-3), 38.6 (C-4), 48.5 (C-5), 18.4 (C-6), 33.3 (C-7), 40.4 (C-8), 47.4 (C-9), 38.4 (C-10), 23.9 (C-11), 127.8 (C-12), 139.7 (C-13), 42.6 (C-14), 29.2 (C-15), 26.1 (C-16), 48.0 (C-17), 54.4 (C-18), 72.5 (C-19), 41.9 (C-20), 26.7 (C-21), 38.3 (C-22), 29.0 (C-23), 22.1 (C-24), 16.4 (C-25), 17.0 (C-26), 24.4 (C-27), 180.4 (C-28), 26.8 (C-29), 16.6 (C-30)。经与文献波谱数据对照[8],鉴定化合物5为蔷薇酸。

化合物6:白色粉末,10%硫酸-乙醇显紫红色。ESI-MS m/z: 487.38 [M-H]-,523.41 [M+Cl]-,相对分子质量为488,分子式为C30H48O51H-NMR (400 MHz, C5D5N) δ: 5.08 (1H, brs, H-12), 4.17 (1H, m, H-3), 4.17 (1H, d, J=10.3 Hz, H-2α), 3.71 (1H, d, J=10.3 Hz, H-2β), 3.04 (1H, s, H-18), 1.68, 1.43, 1.12, 1.04, 0.98 (5×3H, s), 1.10 (3H, d, J=6.7 Hz, H-30);13C-NMR (100 MHz, C5D5N) δ: 39.3 (C-1), 28.2 (C-2), 74.0 (C-3), 43.4 (C-4), 49.1 (C-5), 19.2 (C-6), 33.8 (C-7), 40.9 (C-8), 48.3 (C-9), 37.7 (C-10), 24.5 (C-11), 128.5 (C-12), 140.5 (C-13), 42.6 (C-14), 29.8 (C-15), 26.9 (C-16), 48.8 (C-17), 55.1 (C-18), 73.2 (C-19), 42.8 (C-20), 27.4 (C-21), 39.0 (C-22), 68.5 (C-23), 13.6 (C-24), 16.5 (C-25), 17.7 (C-26), 25.2 (C-27) 181.2 (C-28), 27.2 (C-29), 17.3 (C-30)。经与文献波谱数据对照[9],鉴定化合物6为3β, 19α, 23-三羟基乌索酸。

化合物7:白色粉末,易吸潮,10%硫酸-乙醇显紫红色。ESI-MS m/z: 669.43 [M+Cl]-, 473.34 [M-Glc]-, 455.35 [M-Glc-H2O]-,相对分子质量为634,分子式为C36H58O91H-NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d6) δ: 5.16 (1H, brs, H-12), 5.01 (1H, d, J=4.8 Hz, H-1′), 4.94 (1H, m, H-2), 4.11 (1H, d, J=3.6 Hz, H-3), 2.13 (1H, d, J=11.2 Hz, H-18), 1.04, 0.90, 0.88, 0.78, 0.71 (5×3H, s), 0.92 (3H, d, J=10.1 Hz, H-30), 0.84 (3H, d, J=6.3 Hz, H-29);13C-NMR (100 MHz, DMSO-d6) δ: 42.2 (C-1), 65.1 (C-2), 78.3 (C-3), 38.8 (C-4), 48.1 (C-5), 18.0 (C-6), 33.1 (C-7), 40.0 (C-8), 47.4 (C-9), 38.4 (C-10, 19), 23.4 (C-11), 125.3 (C-12), 138.2 (C-13), 42.3 (C-14), 28.0 (C-15), 24.2 (C-16), 47.8 (C-17), 52.8 (C-18), 38.2 (C-20), 30.5 (C-21), 36.3 (C-22), 29.4 (C-23), 22.4 (C-24), 16.8 (C-25), 17.3 (C-26), 23.7 (C-27), 175.4 (C-28), 17.5 (C-29), 21.5 (C-30), 94.5 (C-1′), 72.8 (C-2′), 78.1 (C-3′), 70.0 (C-4′), 77.1 (C-5′), 61.2 (C-6′)。经与文献波谱数据对照[10],鉴定化合物7为2α, 3α-二羟基乌苏酸-28-O-β-D-葡萄糖苷。

化合物8:白色粉末,10%硫酸-乙醇显紫红色。ESI-MS m/z: 668.34 [M+H2O],685.40 [M+Cl]-,相对分子质量为650,分子式为C36H58O101H-NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d6) δ: 5.18 (1H, brs, H-12), 5.16 (1H, d, J=7.9 Hz, H-1), 3.94 (1H, d, J=3.0 Hz, H-3), 1.28, 1.09, 0.88, 0.88, 0.78, 0.66 (6×3H, s), 0.85 (3H, d, J=6.4 Hz, H-30);13C-NMR (100 MHz, DMSO-d6) δ: 41.7 (C-1), 64.6 (C-2), 77.9 (C-3), 37.9 (C-4), 47.6 (C-5), 21.8 (C-6), 32.5 (C-7), 39.8 (C-8), 46.5 (C-9), 37.7 (C-10), 23.2 (C-11), 127.0 (C-12), 138.2 (C-13), 40.1 (C-14), 28.8 (C-15), 25.1 (C-16), 47.3 (C-17), 53.1 (C-18), 71.7 (C-19), 41.1 (C-20), 26.4 (C-21), 36.5 (C-22), 27.9 (C-23), 16.1 (C-24), 16.2 (C-25), 17.6 (C-26), 23.9 (C-27), 175.5 (C-28), 25.8 (C-29), 16.5 (C-30), 94.0 (C-1′), 72.2 (C-2′), 77.5 (C-3′), 69.5 (C-4′), 76.7 (C-5′), 60.7 (C-6′)。经与文献波谱数据对照[11],鉴定化合物8为kajiichigaside F1。

化合物9:白色粉末,10%硫酸-乙醇显色呈紫红色。ESI-MS m/z: 455.41 [M-H]-,相对分子质量为456,分子式为C30H48O31H-NMR (400 MHz, CDCl3) δ: 5.31 (1H, t, J=3.5 Hz, H-12), 3.24 (1H, dd, J=11.2, 4.6 Hz, H-3), 2.85 (1H, dd, J=13.5, 4.3 Hz, H-18), 1.16, 1.01, 0.95, 0.94, 0.93, 0.80, 0.78 (7×3H, s);13C-NMR (100 MHz, CDCl3) δ: 38.4 (C-1), 27.2 (C-2), 79.0 (C-3), 38.8 (C-4), 55.2 (C-5), 18.3 (C-6), 32.7 (C-7), 39.3 (C-8), 47.6 (C-9), 37.1 (C-10), 23.6 (C-11), 122.7 (C-12), 143.6 (C-13), 41.6 (C-14), 28.1 (C-15), 23.0 (C-16), 45.9 (C-17), 41.1 (C-18), 46.5 (C-19), 30.7 (C-20), 33.8 (C-21), 32.4 (C-22), 27.7 (C-23), 15.5 (C-24), 15.3 (C-25), 17.1 (C-26), 25.9 (C-27), 182.5 (C-28), 33.1 (C-29), 23.4 (C-30)。经与文献波谱数据对照[12],鉴定化合物9为齐墩果酸。

化合物10:白色无定形粉末,10%硫酸-乙醇显紫红色。1H-NMR (400 MHz, C5D5N) δ: 6.38 (1H, d, J=8.0 Hz, H-1′), 5.49 (1H, brs, H-12), 3.56 (1H, m, H-2), 3.37 (1H, d, J=9.4 Hz, H-3), 1.59, 1.25, 1.16, 1.12, 1.08, 1.04, 0.96 (7×3H, s);13C-NMR (100 MHz, C5D5N) δ: 48.8 (C-1), 69.8 (C-2), 85.0 (C-3), 41.0 (C-4), 57.2 (C-5), 18.8 (C-6), 34.2 (C-7), 41.5 (C-8), 49.6 (C-9), 39.8 (C-10), 25.4 (C-11), 124.6 (C-12), 145.5 (C-13), 43.3 (C-14), 30.1 (C-15), 25.8 (C-16), 47.6 (C-17), 45.8 (C-18), 82.2 (C-19), 36.7 (C-20), 30.2 (C-21), 34.4 (C-22), 29.2 (C-23), 18.7 (C-24), 18.0 (C-25), 20.3 (C-26), 29.9 (C-27), 178.4 (C-28), 30.5 (C-29), 26.1 (C-30), 97.1 (C-1′), 75.3 (C-2′), 80.5 (C-3′), 72.3 (C-4′), 80.1 (C-5′), 63.4 (C-6′)。经与文献波谱数据对照[13],鉴定化合物10为arjunetin。

化合物11:白色针晶(甲醇),10%硫酸-乙醇显紫红色。ESI-MS m/z: 457.40 [M+H]+, 455.41 [M-H]-, 491.37 [M+Cl]-, 501.38 [M+HCOO]-,相对分子质量为456,分子式为C30H48O31H-NMR (400 MHz, C5D5N) δ: 4.96 (1H, d, J=2.5 Hz, H-29), 4.78 (1H, d, J=2.5 Hz, H-29), 3.55 (1H, ddd, J=12.1, 6.5, 6.5 Hz, H-19), 3.47 (1H, dd, J=9.0, 7.1 Hz, H-3), 1.81 (3H, s, H-23), 1.24 (3H, s, H-24), 1.08 (3H, s, H-25), 1.07 (3H, s, H-26), 1.02 (3H, s, H-27), 0.84 (3H, s, H-30);13C-NMR (100 MHz, C5D5N) δ: 39.9 (C-1), 28.7 (C-2), 78.5 (C-3), 39.7 (C-4), 56.3 (C-5), 19.2 (C-6), 35.2 (C-7), 41.5 (C-8), 51.4 (C-9), 37.9 (C-10), 21.6 (C-11), 26.5 (C-12), 38.0 (C-13), 43.2 (C-14), 31.6 (C-15), 33.3 (C-16), 57.0 (C-17), 50.2 (C-18), 48.2 (C-19), 151.7 (C-20), 30.7 (C-21), 39.0 (C-22), 29.1 (C-23), 16.7 (C-24), 16.8 (C-25, 26), 15.3 (C-27), 179.2 (C-28), 110.3 (C-29), 19.9 (C-30)。经与文献波谱数据对照[14-15],鉴定化合物11为白桦脂酸。

化合物12:无色油状物。1H-NMR (400 MHz, CDCl3) δ: 5.40 (1H, t, J=6.9 Hz, H-14), 4.14 (2H, d, J=6.9 Hz, H-15), 1.98 (2H, t, J=7.3 Hz, H-12), 1.66 (3H, s, H-20), 0.87 (3H, s, H-16), 0.85 (3H, s, H-17), 0.85 (3H, d, J=6.2 Hz, H-18), 0.83 (3H, d, J=6.6 Hz, H-19);13C-NMR (100 MHz, CDCl3) δ: 36.8 (C-1), 39.5 (C-2), 24.9 (C-3), 37.5 (C-4), 28.1 (C-5), 32.9 (C-6), 24.6 (C-7), 37.4 (C-8), 32.8 (C-9), 37.6 (C-10), 25.3 (C-11), 40.0 (C-12), 140.3 (C-13), 123.3 (C-14), 59.5 (C-15), 22.8 (C-16), 22.7 (C-17), 19.9 (C-18), 19.8 (C-19), 16.3 (C-20)。经与文献波谱数据对照[16],鉴定化合物12为cassipourol。

化合物13:淡黄色胶状物。ESI-MS m/z: 431.44 [M+H]+, 429.49 [M-H]-, 465.41 [M+Cl]-, 475.41 [M+HCOO]-,相对分子质量为430,分子式为C29H50O213C-NMR (100 MHz, CDCl3) δ: 74.6 (C-2), 31.7 (C-3), 20.9 (C-4), 121.3 (C-5), 145.7 (C-6), 117.5 (C-7), 118.7 (C-8), 144.7 (C-9), 122.7 (C-10), 40.0 (C-1′), 21.2 (C-2′), 37.4 (C-3′), 32.9 (C-4′), 37.6 (C-5′, 7′, 9′), 25.0 (C-6′), 33.0 (C-8′), 24.6 (C-10′), 39.5 (C-11′), 28.1 (C-12′), 22.9 (C-13′), 23.9 (C-2a), 11.9 (C-5a), 11.4 (C-7a), 12.3 (C-8a), 19.8 (C-4′a), 19.9 (C-8′a), 22.8 (C-12′a)。经与文献波谱数据对照[17],鉴定化合物13为α-生育酚。

化合物14:白色无定形粉末,与胡萝卜苷对照品共薄层,显色斑点颜色及Rf值与对照品一致,故鉴定化合物14为胡萝卜苷。

化合物15:无色针状结晶,与β-谷甾醇对照品共薄层,显色斑点颜色及Rf值与对照品一致,故鉴定化合物15为β-谷甾醇。

参考文献
[1] 中国科学院中国植物志编辑委员会. 中国植物志(第50卷, 第1分册)[M]. 北京: 科学出版社, 1998 .
[2] 金静兰, 文永新, 成桂仁. 亮叶杨桐(石芽茶)中黄酮类成分的研究[J]. 广西植物 , 1985, 5 (3) :301–303.
[3] 陈美珍, 余杰, 佘纲哲, 等. 野生亮叶杨桐营养成分与药用成分的分析[J]. 天然产物研究与开发 , 1996, 8 (1) :84–86.
[4] 胡婷.苦丁茶中有效成分的分离纯化鉴定及其活性研究[D].广州:华南理工大学, 2013.
[5] 聂晶磊, 郝小江, 李丽. 渐尖绣线菊的化学成分[J]. 云南植物研究 , 1997, 19 (3) :327–330.
[6] 杨秀伟, 赵静. 蓝萼香茶菜化学成分的研究[J]. 天然产物研究与开发 , 2003, 15 (6) :490–493.
[7] Rogelio P M, Mariano G F. Chemistry of hyptis mutabilis new pentacyclic triterpenoids[J]. J Nat Prod , 1988, 51 (5) :996–998. DOI:10.1021/np50059a035
[8] 李延芳, 胡立宏, 楼凤昌. 野蔷薇根的化学成分研究[J]. 中国药科大学学报 , 2002, 33 (3) :184–187.
[9] Soares F P, Ronconi C A V, da Cunha E V L, et al. Four known triterpenoids isolated from three Brazilian plants:1H and13C chemical shift assignments [J]. Magn Reson Chem , 1998, 36 (8) :608–614. DOI:10.1002/(ISSN)1097-458X
[10] Shashi B M, Asish P K. 13C NMR spectra of pentacyclic triterpenoids-a complication and some salient features [J]. Phytochemistry , 1994, 37 (6) :1517–1575. DOI:10.1016/S0031-9422(00)89569-2
[11] 王英, 陈四宝, 倪洁, 等. 亮叶杨桐的化学成分研究[J]. 中国药科大学学报 , 2003, 34 (5) :407–409.
[12] 曹百一, 刘润祥, 王晶, 等. 栀子根化学成分的分离与鉴定[J]. 沈阳药科大学学报 , 2011, 28 (10) :784–787.
[13] 王英, 叶文才, 殷志琦, 等. 亮叶杨桐的三萜皂苷类成分[J]. 药学学报 , 2008, 43 (5) :504–508.
[14] Yang D S, Li Z L, Yang Y D, et al. Chemical constituents from Hypericum beanie[J]. Chin Herb Med , 2015, 7 (4) :375–379. DOI:10.1016/S1674-6384(15)60067-3
[15] 刘新红, 黄日明, 李干龙, 等. 米碎花茎枝的化学成分研究[J]. 热带亚热带植物学报 , 2013, 21 (6) :572–576.
[16] Chaturvedula V S P, Norris A, Miller J S, et al. Cytotoxic diterpenes from cassipourea madagascariensis from Madagascar rainforest[J]. J Nat Prod , 2006, 69 (2) :287–289. DOI:10.1021/np050376w
[17] 胡传荣, 古文英. 高活性α-生育酚的制备及结构鉴定[J]. 粮油食品科技 , 2005, 13 (4) :40–42.