Volume 15,Issue 4,2023 Table of Contents

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  • 1  Awareness and ability of paradigm shift are needed for research on dominant diseases of TCM
    Yanjun Zhang
    2023, 15(4):475-475. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chmed.2023.10.001
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    2  Clinical value-oriented research paradigm about inheritance and innovation development of TCM dominant diseases
    Dongna Li a b Hong Guo a b Lin Niu a b Qingsheng Yin a b Yanjun Zhang c d Pengwei Zhuang a b
    2023, 15(4):476-484. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chmed.2023.09.002
    [Abstract](409) [HTML](0) [PDF 0.00 Byte](0)
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    Modern medicine has made remarkable achievements in safeguarding people’s life and health, however, it is increasingly found that in the face of complex diseases, selective targeting single target is often difficult to produce a comprehensive rehabilitation effect, and is prone to induce drug resistance, toxic side effects. Traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) has a long history of clinical application, and its clinical value in the treatment of complex diseases such as cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases, digestive diseases, skin diseases, rheumatism and immunity diseases, and adjuvant treatment of tumors has been proven to have obvious advantages. However, its modern research is relatively lagging behind, and in the face of the aging society and the characteristics of the modern disease spectrum, the traditional knowledge-driven research paradigm seems to be stuck in a bottleneck and difficult to make greater breakthroughs. Focusing on the key issues of TCM development in the new era, the clinical value-oriented strategy becomes to be a new research paradigm of TCM inheritance and innovation development, and dominant diseases would be the focus of the TCM inheritance and innovation development, which has been highly valued in recent years by the TCM academia and the relevant national management departments. Based on the clinical value, a series of policies are formulated for the selection and evaluation of the TCM dominant diseases (TCMDD), and exploratory researches about the clinical efficacy characteristics, the modern scientific connotation interpretation were carried out. The clinical value-oriented research paradigm of TCMDD inheritance and innovation development has been initially formed, which is characterized by strong policy support as the guarantee, systematic and standardized selection and evaluation methods as the driving force, scientific and effective research on internal mechanisms as the expansion, and effective clinical guidelines and principles as the transformation, which is of great value in promoting the high-quality development of the industries and undertaking of TCM. In this paper, the main policy support, selection and evaluation methods, therapeutic effect characterization, and modern scientific connotation research strategies of TCMDD in recent years have been comprehensively sorted out, with a view to providing the healthy and benign development of the research on TCMDD.
    3  Chinese herbal medicines for prostate cancer therapy: From experimental research to clinical practice
    Fanming Kong a b Chaoran Wang a b c Jing Zhang a b Xiaoqun Wang a b Binxu Sun a b Xian Xiao a b c Haojian Zhang a b c Yanqi Song d Yingjie Jia a b
    2023, 15(4):485-495. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chmed.2023.05.003
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    Prostate cancer remains the second most common malignancy in men worldwide, is a global health issue, and poses a huge health burden. Precision medicine provides more treatment options for prostate cancer patients, but its popularity, drug resistance, and adverse reactions still need to be focused on. Chinese herbal medicines (CHMs) have been widely accepted as an alternative therapy for cancer, with the advantages of multiple targets, multiple pathways, and low toxicity. We searched the experimental research and clinical practice of CHMs for prostate cancer treatment published in PubMed, Embase, and Web of Science in the last five years. We found five CHM formulas and six single CHM extracts as well as 12 CHM-derived compounds, which showed induction of apoptosis, autophagy, and cell cycle arrest, suppression of angiogenesis, proliferation, and migration of prostate cancer cells, reversal of drug resistance, and enhancement of anti-tumor immunity. The mechanisms of action include the PI3K/Akt/mTOR, AR, EGFR and Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathways, which are commonly implicated in the development of prostate cancer. We also summarized the advantages of CHMs in patients with hormone-sensitive and castration-resistant prostate cancer and provided ideas for their further experimental design and application.
    4  Pharmacodynamic advantages and characteristics of traditional Chinese medicine in prevention and treatment of ischemic stroke
    Hanyu Zhang a b Bowen Jin a b Xinyu You a b Pengrong Yi a b Hong Guo a b Lin Niu a b Qingsheng Yin a b Jiangwei Shi c d Yanjun Zhang c d Pengwei Zhuang a b
    2023, 15(4):496-508. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chmed.2023.09.003
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    Ischemic stroke (IS) is a severe cerebrovascular disease with a high incidence, mortality, and disability rate. The first-line treatment for IS is the use of recombinant tissue plasminogen activator (r-tPA). Regrettably, numerous patients encounter delays in treatment due to the narrow therapeutic window and the associated risk of hemorrhage. Traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) has exhibited distinct advantages in preventing and treating IS. TCM enhances cerebral microcirculation, alleviates neurological disorders, regulates energy metabolism, mitigates inflammation, reduces oxidative stress injuries, and inhibits apoptosis, thereby mitigating brain damage and preventing IS recurrence. This article summarizes the etiology, pathogenesis, therapeutic strategies, and relationship with modern biology of IS from the perspective of TCM, describes the advantages of TCM in the treatment of IS, and further reviews the pharmacodynamic characteristics and advantages of TCM in the acute and recovery phases of IS as well as in post-stroke complications. Additionally, it offers valuable insights and references for the clinical application of TCM in IS prevention and treatment, as well as for the development of novel drugs.
    5  Traditional Chinese medicines for non-small cell lung cancer: Therapies and mechanisms
    Fanming Kong a b Chaoran Wang a b c Linlin Zhao a b Dongying Liao a b c Xiaoqun Wang a b Binxu Sun a b Peiying Yang a b Yingjie Jia a b
    2023, 15(4):509-515. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chmed.2023.05.004
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    The most common subtype of lung cancer is non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), which has a poor prognosis and seriously threatens the health of human beings. The multidisciplinary comprehensive treatment model has gradually become the mainstream of NSCLC treatment. Traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) can be used effectively either as an adjunctive therapy or alone throughout the NSCLC therapy, which has a significant impact on survival, quality of life, and reduction of toxicity. Therefore, this paper reviewed the theoretical basis, the latest clinical application, and combined treatment mechanisms in order to explore the advantage stage of TCM treatment and the synergistic therapeutic mechanisms.
    6  Effects and mechanisms of traditional Chinese medicines on functional dyspepsia: A review
    Bo Liu a Zixiang Kou b Baogui Chen b
    2023, 15(4):516-525. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chmed.2023.06.001
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    Functional dyspepsia (FD) is a common and frequently occurring disease in clinic. With the influence of environmental factors, social factors and dietary factors, the incidence rate of FD in the general population is yearly increasing. Traditional Chinese medicine has a long history and far-reaching influence in the treatment of FD. It can prevent and treat FD in the form of multiple-components, targets and channels, with obvious effect and prominent advantages. This article starts with the common syndrome types of FD, and discusses the research progress of single Chinese medicine, effective ingredients and the mechanism of traditional Chinese medicines in treating FD, in order to provide a theoretical basis for the treatment of FD with traditional Chinese medicines.
    7  Therapeutic effects of Chinese herbal medicines for treatment of urolithiasis: A review
    Chen Jiang a Lingyun Wang b Yang Wang a Rongjia Xu a Hongtao Yang a Jibin Peng b c
    2023, 15(4):526-532. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chmed.2023.09.001
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    Urolithiasis is a common and complex disease of the urinary system, which can cause urinary tract blockage, urinary tract infection, and even damage to urinary system-related tissues. Although urolithiasis can be cured, its high recurrence rate and the development of chronic kidney disease in some patients have drawn the attention of nephrologists. Although the application of extracorporeal lithotripsy, percutaneous nephrolithotomy and other minimally invasive techniques have made the treatment of urolithiasis more efficient, pharmacotherapy plays an indispensable role in reducing their morbidity and recurrence rates. Traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) has been used for treatment and prevention of urolithiasis in developing countries for centuries, known for its unquestionable efficacy and safety. This article reviews the progress of clinical trials and pharmacological studies on the treatment of urolithiasis with Chinese herbal medicines (CHMs). The mechanism of CHMs in the treatment of urolithiasis mainly involve preventing further growth and aggregation of urolithiasis, reducing the PH of urine, promoting calculus dissolution. Furthermore, some CHMs can increase urine output, relax smooth muscles, and promote the removal of calculus. These findings provide new treatment strategies and options for urolithiasis and secondary kidney damage.
    8  Isolation, characterization and modulatory potentials of β-stigmasterol, ergosterol and xylopic acid from Anchomanes difformis on mitochondrial permeability transition pore in vitro
    Kehinde Oluseun Sodeinde a Akinwunmi Oluwaseun Adeoye b Adedeji Adesipo a Adebayo A. Adeniyi a d John Adeolu Falode b Tajudeen Olabisi Obafemi c Samuel Olalekan Olusanya a Linette Twigge d Jeanet Conradie d Timothy O. Mosaku e
    2023, 15(4):533-541. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chmed.2023.01.006
    [Abstract](346) [HTML](0) [PDF 0.00 Byte](0)
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    Objective: Secondary metabolites and polyphenolic compounds from medicinal plants have been demonstrated to have multiple biological functions with promising research and development prospects. This study examined the effect of β-stigmasterol (with ergosterol) and xylopic acid isolated from Anchomanes difformis on liver mitochondrial permeability transition pore (mPTP). Methods: The compounds were isolated by vacuum liquid chromatography. Mitochondrial swelling was assessed as changes in absorbance under succinate-energized conditions. Results: 1H and 13C NMR spectroscopic elucidation of the isolates affirmed the presence of β-stigmasterol with ergosterol (1:0.3) and xylopic acid. The isolates reversed the increase in lipid peroxidation and inhibited the opening of mitochondrial permeability transition pores caused by calcium and glucose. Pharmacological inhibition of mPTP offers a promising therapeutic target for the treatment of mitochondrial-associated disorders. Conclusion: Reduction in the activity of calcium ATPase and the expression of Caspase-3 and-9 were observed, suggesting that they could play a role in protecting physicochemical properties of membrane bilayers from free radical-induced severe cellular damage and be useful in the management of diseases where much apoptosis occurs.
    9  Scutellarin alleviates liver injury in type 2 diabetic mellitus by suppressing hepatocyte apoptosis in vitro and in vivo
    Xiaoming Fan a Yiyu Wang b c Xifan Li a Taiqing Zhong b Chunlan Cheng b Yunfei Zhang d
    2023, 15(4):542-548. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chmed.2023.03.007
    [Abstract](215) [HTML](0) [PDF 0.00 Byte](0)
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    Objective: Scutellarin is a primary active composition come from Erigeron breviscapus. It is well known that scutellarin has anti-inflammatory and antioxidant physiological functions. In this study, we detect the effects of scutellarin on hepatocyte cell apoptosis in type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) rats. Methods: Sprague Dawley (SD) (6–8 weeks, 160–180 g) rats were randomly divided into six groups: control, model, scutellarin low-dose, medium-dose, high-dose treatment, and rosiglitazone positive groups; with 10 SD rats in each group (n = 10). The changes of biochemical factors in serum were detected by automatic biochemical instrument, the pathological changes of liver tissue were detected by hematoxylin and eosin (HE) staining, the apoptosis of liver tissue and cells was detected by tissue staining and flow analyzer, and the expression of apoptosis-related factors were determined by qPCR, Western blot and immunohistochemistry in liver tissues or cells. Results: The results showed that scutellarin decreased the levels of fasting blood glucose, total cholesterol, triglyceride, and low-density lipoprotein and increased the levels of high-density lipoprotein. Meanwhile, scutellarin decreased the levels of alanine transaminase (ALT) and aspartate transaminase (AST) and improved liver function. In addition, scutellarin suppressed the secretion of interleukin-1 (IL-1), interleukin-6 (IL-6) and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) and reduced hepatocyte apoptosis. Furthermore, scutellarin inhibited the expression of cleaved Caspase-3, Bax, and cytochrome C (Cyt-C) and promoted the expression of Bcl-2. Conclusion: Scutellarin can inhibit the apoptotic pathway, thereby relieving T2DM.
    10  Antioxidant and antiarthritic potential of berberine: In vitro and in vivo studies
    Shweta Jain a Shalini Tripathi b Pushpendra Kumar Tripathi c
    2023, 15(4):549-555. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chmed.2023.02.007
    [Abstract](470) [HTML](0) [PDF 0.00 Byte](0)
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    Objective: To extract and isolate berberine from Berberis aristata (Berberidaceae). Isolated berberine was characterised using spectroscopy and its antioxidant and antiarthritic activity was analyzed. Methods: The berberine was isolated from B. aristata using microwave-assisted extraction (MAE) and characterised by a spectroscopic technique. The isolated berberine was evaluated for its antioxidant activity in DPPH, nitric oxide, and superoxide scavenging assays, while antiarthritic activity was evaluated in the complete freund’s adjuvant (CFA)-induced arthritis rat model. Results: The antioxidant activity of berberine revealed potent antioxidant activity in DPPH, nitric oxide, and superoxide scavenging assays. The in vivo antiarthritic activity of berberine in the CFA-induced arthritis rat model showed a significant reduction in paw diameter, arthritic score, and an increase in body weight. Furthermore, a concentration-dependent ameliorating action of berberine on haematological parameters was noticed. Proinflammatory biomarkers, including IL-6, IL-10, and TGF-b in serum were reported, and histopathology examination revealed that berberine decreased pannus formation, synovial hyperplasia, and bone erosion. Radiographic investigation showed soft tissue inflammation, bone resorption and erosion, joint gap reduction, and substantial connective tissue expansion after treatment with berberine. Conclusion: The ameliorating action on haematological parameters and proinflammatory biomarkers of berberine makes them a suitable remedy for the treatment of arthritis.
    11  Mangiferin alleviates renal inflammatory injury in spontaneously hypertensive rats by inhibiting MCP-1/CCR2 signaling pathway
    Xiaoqin Hu a b c Wei Zhao a Jiagang Deng a b Zhengcai Du a Xuewen Zeng a c Bei Zhou a b Erwei Hao a b
    2023, 15(4):556-563. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chmed.2022.12.008
    [Abstract](448) [HTML](0) [PDF 0.00 Byte](0)
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    Objective: Hypertension is a low-grade inflammation state of the disease and was easily complicated by kidneys’ inflammatory response. Mangiferin (MGF), a pharmacologically active compound in various plants including Mangifera indica, has a strong anti-inflammatory activity. However, the effects of MGF on renal inflammatory injury in spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHRs) remain unclear. The purpose of this study was to investigate the protective effects and mechanisms of MGF on renal inflammatory injury in SHRs. Methods: MGF was used in SHRs at the doses of 10, 20, 40 mg/kg/d for 8 weeks consecutively. The blood and urine were collected for assessment of renal function. Renal tissues were collected for histological, immunohistochemistry, ELISA, Western blot and real time reverse transcription PCR (RT-PCR) analysis. Results: The results showed that the levels of interleukin 6 (IL-6), tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1) and recombinant chemokine C-C-Motif receptor 2 (CCR2) were increased in SHRs, meanwhile, the level of IL-10 was decreased in SHR. Treatment of MGF inhibited the expression of IL-6, TNF-a, MCP-1 and CCR2, and promoted the expression of IL-10. Furthermore, the content of blood urea nitrogen (BUN) and serum uric acid (SUA) was significantly increased in the model group, and treatment of MGF had no obvious effects on these parameters at all dose levels. Conclusion: Our study proved that the kidneys of SHRs had significant inflammatory injury, and MGF had the protective effects on renal inflammatory injury in SHRs; The protective mechanism may be mediated partly by the MCP-1/CCR2 signaling pathway. Thus, it is a potential new drug for the treatment of hypertension.
    12  Modulative effect of Physalis alkekengi on both gut bacterial and fungal micro-ecosystem
    Yanan Yang a Xiaohui Zhao b Yong Xie a Chongming Wu b
    2023, 15(4):564-573. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chmed.2023.02.003
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    Objective: Gut microbiome is an intricate micro-ecosystem mediating the human health and drug efficacy. Physalis alkekengi (PAL) is an edible and time-honored traditional Chinese medicine. Several pharmacological effects of PAL have been verified and gut bacteria are implied in its therapeutic actions. However, the detailed modulation of PAL on gut bacterial species and on gut fungi remains largelym unknown. We, therefore, designed a preliminary experiment in normal mice to reveal the modulation effect of PAL on both gut bacteria and fungi, and explore the interaction between them. Methods: Herein, the aqueous extract of PAL was orally administrated to normal C57BL/6 mice for four weeks. The full-length 16S rRNA and ITS1/2 gene sequencing were explored to detect the taxa of gut bacteria and gut fungi after PAL treatment, respectively. Results: Oral administration of PAL notably enriched anti-inflammatory bacterial species such as Duncaniella spp. and Kineothrix alysoides, whereas decreased pro-inflammatory species such as Mucispirillum schaedleri. Simultaneously, PAL increased the abundance of gut fungi Aspergillus ochraceus, Cladosporium sp. and Alternaria sp., and decreased Penicillium janthinellum. Correlation network analysis identified two co-existing microbial groups (groups 1 and 2) that were negatively associated with each other. The group 1 comprised PAL-enriched bacteria and fungi, while group 2 was mainly normal chow-enriched bacteria and fungi. In group 1, Antrodia monomitica, Aspergillus clavatus, Mortierella kuhlmanii and Sarcinomyces sp. MA 4787 were positively correlated with Bifidobacterium globosum, Romboutsia ilealis and so on. In group 2, Chaetomium subspirilliferum, Septoria orchidearum and Cephaliophora tropica were positively related to Lactobacillus spp. Conclusion: Altogether, this preliminary study first demonstrated the modulation effect of PAL on both gut bacteria and gut fungi, which may shed light on the elucidation of PAL’s pharmacological mechanism.
    13  Transcriptome analysis of Saposhnikovia divaricata and mining of bolting and flowering genes
    Min Zhang a b Wenle Wang a c Qian Liu b Erhuan Zang b Lijun Wu d Guofa Hu d Minhui Li a b c
    2023, 15(4):574-587. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chmed.2022.08.008
    [Abstract](798) [HTML](0) [PDF 0.00 Byte](0)
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    Objective: Early bolting of Saposhnikovia divaricata has seriously hindered its medicinal value and sustainable development of resources. The molecular mechanism of bolting and flowering of S. divaricata is still unclear and worth of research. In our study, we explored the transcriptome of the genes related to the bolting and flowering of S. divaricata. Methods: The transcriptome library was constructed, sequenced, assembled and annotated from the bolting and unbolting leaves of S. divaricata by high-throughput sequencing at the bud and flowering stage. Focus on the pathways related to bolting and flowering in plants, and explore genes. The expression of seven candidate genes was verified by real-time fluorescence quantitative PCR (qRT-PCR). Results: Transcriptome results showed that 249 889 422 high-quality clean reads were obtained. A total of 67 866 unigenes were assembled with an average length of 948.1 bp. Trinity de Novo assembly produced 67 866 unigenes with an average length of 948.1 bp. Among 993 differentially expressed genes, 484 genes were significantly up-regulated and 509 genes were down-regulated in the SdM group. A total of 79 GO terms were significantly enriched for differentially expressed genes. KEGG results showed that 11 154 unigenes were enriched in 89 pathways. And 21 candidate genes related to bolting and flowering of S. divaricata were excavated. The qRT-PCR results showed that expression trends of HDA9, PHYB, AP2, TIR1, Hsp90, CaM, and IAA7 were consistent with transcriptomic sequencing results. In addition, RNA-seq had identified 10 740 transcription factors and classified them into 58 families by their conserved domains. Further studies showed that the transcription factors regulating the flowering of S. divaricata were mainly distributed in the NAC, MYB_related, HB-other, ARF, and AP2 families. Conclusion: Based on the results of this study, it was found that the plant hormone signal transduction pathway was one of the decisive factors to control bolting and flowering. Among them, auxin related genes IAA and TIR1 are the key genes in the bolting and flowering process of S. divaricata.
    14  Chinese yam yield is affected by soil nutrient levels and interactions among N, P, and K fertilizers
    Yang Chen a Xianzhi Zhou a b Lina Ma a Yongsheng Lin a Xiangui Huang a
    2023, 15(4):588-593. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chmed.2022.11.006
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    Objective: The current fertilization methods for Chinese yam are uneconomic and unfriend to environment. A rational one is very important to achieve desired balance of high yield of Chinese yam, economic and friend to environment. Here, we studied the effects of nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P), and potassium (K) fertilizers on the yield of ‘Qinfeng’ Chinese yam in shallow-groove directional cultivation. Methods: The experiments were conducted in Dehua County, Fujian Province, China using a ‘‘3414” optimal design. Overall, three fertilizer factors (N, P, and K) were evaluated at the following four levels: 0, no fertilizer; 1, 0.5-fold the typical rate; 2, typical fertilization rate; and 3, 1.5-fold the typical rate. There were 14 different fertilization treatments. Results: Treatment 6 (N2P2K2) produced the longest (75.6 cm) and thickest tubers (4.9 cm) with the highest tuber fresh weight (1311.9 g) and yield (41,015.9 kg/hm2), whereas, treatment 1 produced the shortest (65.6 cm) and thinnest tubers (3.9 cm) with the lowest fresh weight (953.4 g) and yield (28 532.8 kg/hm2) among the 14 fertilizer combinations. The experimental data could be fitted to single-variable quadratic and binary quadratic models but not to a ternary quadratic polynomial model. Appropriate N, P, and K fertilizer application rates increased Chinese yam yield. However, excessive fertilization lowered the yield. Chinese yam yield was significantly and strongly correlated with the amounts of N, P, and K fertilizer applied. Conclusion: Based on the single variable quadratic and binary quadratic models, we propose that the quantities of N, P, and K fertilizer used to grow 1 hm2 ‘Qinfeng’ Chinese yam should be 360–388.3, 90–100.95, and 416.3–675 kg, respectively.
    15  Production of hispidin polyphenols from medicinal mushroom Sanghuangporus vaninii in submerged cultures
    Wenwen Yuan a Weihua Yuan a Rong Zhou a Guoying Lv b Mengni Sun a Yanxia Zhao a Weifa Zheng a
    2023, 15(4):594-602. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chmed.2022.07.004
    [Abstract](549) [HTML](0) [PDF 0.00 Byte](0)
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    Objective: The medicinal mushroom Sanghuangporus vaninii produces pharmaceutically valuable hispidin polyphenols in natural habitats. However, due to the slow growth in nature, S. vaninii grown in the field (sclerotia) is not reliable for pharmaceutical purposes. Although higher biomass of fungal mycelia can be obtained in submerged cultures, the accumulation of hispidin polyphenols is rare. Methods: In this study, the polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs), linoleic acid (LA), linolenic acid (ALA), and methyl jasmonate (MeJa) were employed as the stimulant agents to coordinate the accumulation of biomass and hispidin polyphenols in its submerged cultures. Results: The addition of LA and ALA promoted the mycelial accumulation, while the addition of MeJa inhibited the growth of S. vaninii concomitant with reduced total polyphenols. UPLC-Triple-TOF-MS analysis revealed an increased production of hispidin, phellinstatin, pinnilidine, and its derivatives upon the addition of LA and ALA, and hypholomine B and its isomer, 3,14’-bihispidinyl, and phelligridin E upon the addition of MeJa on day 13. Intriguingly, total polyphenols from the MeJa-supplementing cultures harbored a high capacity in scavenging free radicals. Chemical structural analysis showed that hispidin polyphenols had higher antioxidant activity due to more hispidin moieties induced by MeJa. Conclusion: The supplement of PUFAs affects the synthesis and composition of hispidin polyphenols in S. vaninii. Our results provide a possibility to coordinate the production of hispidin polyphenols via submerged cultures of S. vaninii.
    16  Two new phenolic amides from Allium chinense
    Xiaoqing Li a Shikai Yan a Jihong Lu a Rui Wang a b Xianpeng Ma c Xue Xiao b Yan Zhang a Huizi Jin a
    2023, 15(4):603-606. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chmed.2022.12.006
    [Abstract](546) [HTML](0) [PDF 0.00 Byte](0)
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    Objective: To isolate the phenolic amides from the dried bulbs of Allium chinense and investigate their myocardium protective activities. Methods: The chemical constituents were isolated and purified by combining with silica gel column, Sephadex LH-20 column, HPLC and other chromatography techniques. Their structures were elucidated by NMR techniques and mass spectrometry. The isolated compounds were evaluated to determine their protective effect for myocardium cells in vitro. Results: Two new phenolic amides, namely, alichinemide I (1) and alichinemide II (2), and six konwn amides were isolated from the dried bulbs of A. chinense. The structures of compounds 3–8 were identified as 3-indolcarbaldehyde (3), 1-(2-aminophenyl)urea (4), 2,3,4,9-tetrahydro-1H-pyrido[3,4-b]indole3-carboxylic acid (5), N-trans-feruloyltyramine (6), N-trans-p-coumaroyltyramine (7), and N-(3,4-dimethoxyphenethyl) acetamide (8). Compound 3 (50 lmol/L) showed significant inhibitory effect on the damage of H9c2 myocardial cells induced by H2O2 in vitro. Conclusion: Compounds 1 and 2 were new phenolic amides. Compound 3 could be one of the potential myocardium protective constituents of A. chinense.
    17  Comparative quantitative analysis of fruit oil from Hippophae rhamnoides (seabuckthorn) by qNMR, FTIR and GC–MS
    Dattatraya Dinkar Gore a Furkan Ahmad a Kulbhushan Tikoo a Arvind Kumar Bansal a Dinesh Kumar b Inder Pal Singh a
    2023, 15(4):607-613. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chmed.2023.05.005
    [Abstract](512) [HTML](0) [PDF 0.00 Byte](0)
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    Objective: To develop a qNMR method for quantitative analysis of triacylglycerols in fruit oil of Hippophae rhamnoides (seabuckthorn, SBT) and analyze commercial samples of SBT oils using GC–MS and FTIR. Methods: SBT fruit oil (IPHRFH) was extracted with hexane and the triglyceride (TAG) was isolated by vacuum liquid chromatography. Six different branded SBT oils purchased from e-commerce suppliers (Amazon) and in-house prepared SBT oil was analyzed by qNMR and fatty acyl composition of TAGs determined by using NMR. In-house oil was also analysed by GC–MS and FTIR spectroscopy. Results: The qNMR results showed that the oil contained 80.3% of triacylglycerol (TAG). The SBT oil TAGs comprised of linolenate 6.6%, palmitoleate/oleate 65.4%, and total saturated fatty acyl chain including palmitate 28% as determined by qNMR. GC–MS analysis revealed that the major acyl functionalities present in the TAG were palmitoleic acid 36.5%, oleic acid 12.9%, palmitic acid 21.2%, and linoleic acid 18%. Of the six commercial samples analyzed, samples from only one supplier (SW) were fruit oil; All others were the seed oils or mix of fruit oil and seed oil. The labels for samples except for the SW did not indicate whether it was fruit oil or seed oil. Conclusion: The results suggest that SBT oil should be analyzed by combination of GC–MS, FTIR and qNMR for factual content of free fatty acid or TAGs, which are chemically different in nature and affect the quality of oil. GC–MS showed the content of omega free fatty acids after hydrolysis, while qNMR and FTIR showed the content of TAGs. The major acyl functionalities found in SBT fruit oil TAGs are palmitoleate/palmitate/oleate, while linoleate and linonelate make up a minor fraction. Furthermore, analysis of commercial samples showed discrepancies between label claims and actual content.

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