Volume 6,Issue 1,2014 Table of Contents

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  • 1  Chemical Constituents of Plants from Tribe Chelidonieae and their Bioactivities
    Qi-fang Lei Xiao-ling Zhao Li-jia Xu Yong Peng Pei-gen Xiao
    2014, 6(1):1-21. DOI: 10.1016/S1674-6384(14)60001-0
    [Abstract](1014) [HTML](0) [PDF 1.24 M](5245)
    Abstract:
    The tribe Chelidonieae comprises 23 species of eight genera with an extensive distribution and a long medicinal usage history both in China and Western countries. A large number of chemical constituents have been isolated and identified from the species in tribe Chelidonieae, such as alkaloids, organic acids, and their derivatives, aromatics, triterpenoids, sterols, essential oils, and proteins, most of which possess a variety of bioactivities, especially for the antibacterial, anti-inflammation, antitumor, analgesia, anti-oxidation, and antiparasitic activity. Meanwhile, potential toxicities have been discovered in some constituents. Therefore, the species in tribe Chelidonieae have become a rich source for new drug discovery, biologic study, and mechanism research. This paper presents comprehensive information of the chemical constituents, pharmacological and toxicological research on the plants in tribe Chelidoieae, which is a reference for the plants in this tribe for further development.
    2  Research Progress on Novel Carrier-modified Methods and Evaluation of Active Targeting Antitumor Preparation
    Jun-jun Wang Sheng-wu Huang
    2014, 6(1):22-28. DOI: 10.1016/S1674-6384(14)60002-2
    [Abstract](1048) [HTML](0) [PDF 216.16 K](2896)
    Abstract:
    This article mainly introduced novel carrier-modified methods for active targeting antitumor preparation as well as their evaluation methodology in recent years. By reviewing related domestic and overseas literatures, the up-to-date scientific researches concerning active targeting antitumor preparation were elaborated and the problems existing in present studies were discussed. Numerous valid vector- embellished methods had been discovered with excellent targeting effects, and the significant progress was acquired for the evaluation tools in vitro and in vivo. The active targeting agent would be a major direction in prospective tumor or cancer therapeutic regimen.
    3  Toxicity of Five Herbs in Aconitum L. on Tetrahymena thermophila Based on Spectrum-effect Relationship
    Xiao-jiao Sun Tian-tian Liu Yan-ling Zhao Wen-jun Zou Jia-bo Wang Shu-xian Liu Zhi-yong Sun Rui-sheng Li Xu Zhou Man Gong Rui-lin Wang
    2014, 6(1):29-35. DOI: 10.1016/S1674-6384(14)60003-4
    [Abstract](1190) [HTML](0) [PDF 578.49 K](3822)
    Abstract:
    Objective To explore the active components with toxic effects in five Aconitum L. herbal medicines on Tetrahymena thermophila. Methods The fingerprints of five Aconitum L. herbal medicines were established by ultra-high performance liquid chromatography (UPLC) and the toxicity was evaluated by using a TAM Air Isothermal Calorimeter on Tetrahymena thermophila SB110. Results By analyzing the spectrum- effect relationships between UPLC fingerprints and toxic effects, the active components which had the toxic effects were obtained. Conclusion This work provides a general model of the combination of UPLC and microcalorimetry to study the spectrum-effect relationships of the five Aconitum L. herbal medicines, which could be used to evaluate the toxic effects and analyze the principal toxic components of the five Aconitum L. herbal medicines. On the whole, this result provides the experimental basis for the safe use of the five Aconitum L. herbal medicines in clinic.
    4  Protective Effect of Chlorogenic Acid against Carbon Tetrachloride-induced Acute Liver Damage in Rats
    Zong-xi Sun Song Liu Zhi-quan Zhao Rui-qiang Su
    2014, 6(1):36-41. DOI: 10.1016/S1674-6384(14)60004-6
    [Abstract](848) [HTML](0) [PDF 350.39 K](2376)
    Abstract:
    Objective To evaluate the protective effect of chlorogenic acid (CGA) on carbon tetrachloride (CCl4)-induced liver injury of rats. Methods The anti-oxidative activity of CGA was investigated with several established in vitro systems. The hepatoprotective activity of CGA against CCl4-induced acute liver injury in rats was studied. The levels of alanine aminotranferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alkaline phosphatase (ALP), and total bilirubin (TB) were measured. The histopathological examination was carried out to supplement the biochemical results. Results CGA possessed strong anti-oxidative ability in vitro. The CCl4-induced liver toxicity experiment showed that the rats pretreated with CGA (300 or 500 mg/kg) had lower levels of ALT, AST, ALP, and TB than those of the CCl4-treated group. These data were supplemented with histopathological examination of rat liver sections. CGA did not show any mortality at the dose up to 5000 mg/kg. Conclusion CGA could protect the liver against CCl4-induced oxidative damage in rats, and the possible mechanism of the activity may be due to its free radical-scavenging and anti-oxidative activity.
    5  Antidiabetic and Anti-oxidative Effects of Honokiol on Diabetic Rats Induced by High-fat Diet and Streptozotocin
    Jun-jun Wang Rong Zhao Ji-chao Liang Yong Chen
    2014, 6(1):42-46. DOI: 10.1016/S1674-6384(14)60005-8
    [Abstract](1519) [HTML](0) [PDF 206.00 K](4863)
    Abstract:
    Objective To study the antidiabetic and anti-oxidative effects of honokiol (Hon) in Magnolia officinalis and its underlying molecular mechanism in diabetic rats induced by high-fat diet (HFD) and streptozotocin (STZ). Methods After ig administration with Hon [25, 50, and 100 mg/(kg·d)] to diabetic rats for consecutive 10 weeks, the levels of blood glucose (BG), oral glucose tolerance (OGT), blood lipids including total cholesterol (TC), triglyceride (TG), high density lipoprotein-cholesterol (HDL-C), and low density lipoprotein-cholesterol (LDL-C), hepatic oxidative stress including the activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px), methane dicarboxylic aldehyde (MDA), and cytochrome P4502E1 (CYP2E1) in diabetic rats were measured. Results Compared to the diabetic control rats, ig administration of Hon resulted in significant decrease in BG, TC, TG, and LDL-C levels in serum, as well as hepatic CYP2E1 activity and MDA content in diabetic rats, whereas the level of OGT and activities of hepatic CAT, SOD, and GSH-Px in diabetic rats were significantly increased. Conclusion Hon could alleviate hyperglycemia, hyperlipemia, hepatic oxidative damage, and insulin resistance in diabetic rats by inhibiting hepatic CYP2E1 activity.
    6  Separation of Five Quinolone Alkaloids from Fruits of Evodia rutaecarpa by High-speed Counter-current Chromatography
    Pei-ting Zhang Bi-yan Pan Qiong-feng Liao Mei-cun Yao Xin-jun Xu Jin-zhi Wan Dan Liu Zhi-yong Xie
    2014, 6(1):47-52. DOI: 10.1016/S1674-6384(14)60006-X
    [Abstract](941) [HTML](0) [PDF 309.74 K](2465)
    Abstract:
    Objective To develop a suitable method for the large-scale separation of quinolone alkaloids from the fruits of Evodia rutaecarpa by high-speed counter-current chromatography (HSCCC). Methods Two solvent systems were developed for the separation method. The upper phase was used as the stationary phase, and the lower phase was used as the mobile phase at 35 oC with the flow rate of 2 mL/min and rotation speed of 855 r/min. Results Using the described method, 1-methyl-2-undecyl- 4(1H)-quinolone (1), evocarpine (2), 1-methy-2-[(6Z,9Z)]-6,9-pentade-cadienyl-4- (1H)-quinolone (3), dihydroevocarpine (4), and the mixture (5) of 1-methyl-2-[(Z)- 10-pentadecenyl]-4(1H)-quinolone (Va) and 1-methyl-2-[(Z)-6-pentadecenyl]- 4(1H)-quinolone (Vb) could be isolated from a petroleum ether extract. They were identified by 1H-NMR, 13 C-NMR, and MS/MS, and the purities were 94.3%, 95.2%, 96.8%, 98.3%, and 96.8%, respectively. Conclusion Five quinolone alkaloids from the fruits of E. rutaecarpa could be systematically isolated and purified using HSCCC. The presented method is simple and efficient with good potentials on the preparation of reference substances, especially on the quality control of Chinese materia medica.
    7  Rapid Detection of Acetylbritannilactone from Inula britannica in Plasma of Rats by Online Sweeping-Micellar Electrokinetic Chromatography
    Jing-shan Zhao Li-xin Chen Ya-lei Liu Ai-ying Li
    2014, 6(1):53-57. DOI: 10.1016/S1674-6384(14)60007-1
    [Abstract](704) [HTML](0) [PDF 221.12 K](1792)
    Abstract:
    Objective To establish a rapid method for detecting acetylbritannilactone (ABL) by online sweeping-micellar electrokinetic chromatography (MEKC) and to elevate the sensitivity of the detection. Methods The combination of online sweeping technique with MEKC was used to determine the content of ABL in the extract of Inula britannica in plasma of rats. Results ABL was completely separated within 15 min in running buffer and sample buffer. The optimal conditions were as follows: on uncoated fused quartz silica capillary, with separation voltage of 23 kV, capillary temperature of 25 oC, and detection wavelength of 195 nm. The regression equations revealed good linear relationships between the peak area and concentration of ABL (r = 0.998), with the detection limits of 0.005–0.15 mg/mL. The relative standard deviations of migration time and peak areas for intra- and inter-batch were < 2.45% and < 2.26%, respectively. The recovery rate of this method was 96.3%–97.2%. Conclusion This method provides some advantages in separation speed, testing sensitivity, and operating convenience, with low sample and reagent consumption. The online sweeping-MEKC is an effective method for pharmacokinetic study and analysis on tracing biological samples.
    8  Adsorption Properties for Separation of Apigenin from Viola yedoensis on LSA-10 Resin
    Ai-wen Dong Qi Zhuo Xiao-ying Bu Shen-hai Zhu He Wang
    2014, 6(1):58-64. DOI: 10.1016/S1674-6384(14)60008-3
    [Abstract](1133) [HTML](0) [PDF 280.55 K](2494)
    Abstract:
    Objective To explore the adsorption properties for the separation of apigenin from Viola yedoensis on LSA-10 resin. Methods After different types of macroporous resins were optimized, the effects of initial concentration, temperature, pH value, and other factors on resin adsorption were studied, and the kinetics and thermodynamics in the process of the static adsorption of LSA-10 resin for the apigenin separation from V. yedoensis were also investigated. Results The initial concentration of 4.0 mg/mL, temperature of 50 oC, and pH 5 were suitable for the resin adsorption, the experimental data of adsorption isotherms of LSA-10 resin were validated to fit the Freunclich and Langmuir equation, the adsorption process of apigenin was fitted to the first order adsorption kinetics equation, and the adsorption rate was mainly affected by film diffusion. The thermodynamic parameters such as adsorption enthalpy change (ΔH > 0), adsorption free energy change (ΔG < 0), and adsorption entropy change (ΔS > 0) were investigated. Conclusion The adsorption for the separation of apigenin on LSA-10 resin was an entropy-driven spontaneous process of decalescence and entropy increase, which belongs to physical adsorption. LSA-10 resin is suitable for the industrial separation of apigenin from V. yedoensis.
    9  Chemical Constituents from Barks of Lannea coromandelica
    Xiao-juan Yun Huo-ming Shu Guang-ying Chen Ming-hui Ji Jin-yue Ding
    2014, 6(1):65-69. DOI: 10.1016/S1674-6384(14)60009-5
    [Abstract](1250) [HTML](0) [PDF 341.06 K](2925)
    Abstract:
    Objective To study the chemical constituents from the barks of Lannea coromandelica. Methods The chemical constituents were isolated and purified by column chromatography on silica gel column. NMR spectra were used for structural identification. Results Thirteen compounds were isolated and identified as quercetin (1), (2S,3S,4R,10E)-2-[(2′R)-2′-hydroxytetracosanoyl amino]-10-octadecene-1,3,4- triol (2), aralia cerebroside (3), 5,5′-dibuthoxy-2,2′-bifuran (4), β-sitosteryl- 3β-glucopyranoside-6′-O-palmitate (5), β-sitosterol palmitate (6), myricadiol (7), protocatechuic acid (8), p-hydroxybenzoic acidethyl ester (9), isovanillin (10), trans- cinnamic acid (11), palmitic acid (12), and stearic acid (13). Conclusion Compounds 2?13 are isolated from this plant for the first time.
    10  A New Hasubanan Alkaloid from Stephania hernandifolia
    Lu-lu Deng Li-jia Tang Huan-yu Guan Li He Jian-xin Zhang Jian-hua Liu Xiao-jiang Hao Yuan-hu Zhang
    2014, 6(1):70-72. DOI: 10.1016/S1674-6384(14)60010-1
    [Abstract](834) [HTML](0) [PDF 280.95 K](2644)
    Abstract:
    Objective To study the chemical constituents of Stephania hernandifolia. Methods Various chromato- graphic techniques were used to isolate the constituents, and the structures were elucidated on the basis of HR-EI-MS, 1D-NMR and 2D-NMR spectral analyses. Results A hasubanan alkaloid, hernsubanine D (1) was isolated from the whole plants of S. hernandifolia. The compound was screened for the cytotoxic activity against two human cancer cell lines in vitro. Conclusion Compound 1 is a new compound without cytotoxicity against A549 and K562 cells.
    11  A New Secoiridoid Glycoside from Swertia cincta
    Fei-yan Huang Jian-jun Wu Gan-peng Li
    2014, 6(1):73-75. DOI: 10.1016/S1674-6384(14)60011-3
    [Abstract](742) [HTML](0) [PDF 219.76 K](2220)
    Abstract:
    Objective To study the chemical constituents of Swertia cincta. Methods Preparative liquid chromatography was employed. The structures of the compounds were elucidated by spectroscopic analysis. Results Three secoiridoid glycosides were isolated from S. cincta and identified as 8-methoxyl-eustomorusside (1), secoiridoids eustomorusside (2), and eustomoside (3). Conclusion Compound 1 is a new secoiridoid glycoside. Compounds 2 and 3 are isolated from this plant for the first time.
    12  Isolation and Identification of Bioactive Constituents from Stem Barks of Illicium difengpi
    Yong-zhi He Eric Kibagendi Osoro Sivoko Imbenzi Palmer Li-ning Wang Naji Said Aboud
    2014, 6(1):76-79. DOI: 10.1016/S1674-6384(14)60012-5
    [Abstract](1405) [HTML](0) [PDF 259.02 K](2325)
    Abstract:
    Objective To isolate and identify bioactive constituents from the stem barks of Illicium difengpi. Methods The chemical constituents were isolated and purified by repeated silica gel, Sephadex LH-20, recrystallization, and preparative HPLC techniques. The structures of the compounds were identified on the basis of spectral data including NMR, MS, and IR. Results Two sesquiterpene lactones, majucin (1) and anisatin (2), two steroids, β-sitosterol (3) and daucosterol (4), three carboxylic acids, 2-ethyldecanoic acid (5), shikimic acid (6), and 3,4-dihydrobenzoic acid (7), and a flavonoid, quercetin (8), were successively isolated from the stem barks of I. difengpi. Conclusion Apart from compound 3, other seven compounds are reported in this plant for the first time. The results suggested that the current studies on I. difengpi is still far from being well known and therefore more studies need to be done for better understanding of this plant.

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