Volume 3,Issue 2,2011 Table of Contents

1 A New Phenylated Flavone from Melicope pteleifolia

ZHU Sheng-hua , GAO You-heng , WEI Zhi-xiong , XU Rui

2011, 3(2):81-83. DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1674-6384.2011.02.001

[Abstract](1711) [HTML](0) [PDF 283.09 K](2835)

Abstract:
Objective To study the constituents in Melicope pteleifolia. Methods Plant material was isolated with 80% EtOH. Compounds were separated with chromatographic methods and their structures were elucidated on the basis of spectral analysis (EI-MS, 1H-NMR, and 13C-NMR) and chemical evidence. Results Five compounds were isolated from petrol ether or ethyl acetate soluble fraction. Their structures were identified as 3,5,3'-trihydroxy- 4'-methoxy-7-(3-methylbut-2-enyloxy) flavone (pteleifolosin C, 1), 3,7-dimethoxyl kaempferol (kamatakenin, 2), vanillic acid (3), tricosanoic acid tetradecyl ester (4), and β-sitosterol (5), respectively. Conclusion Compound 1 is a new structure named pteleifolosin C. Compounds 2－4 are isolated from this plant for the first time．

2 A New Phenolic Glucoside from Paeonia lactiflora

HE Xiao-yan , HAN Li , HUANG Xue-shi

2011, 3(2):84-86. DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1674-6384.2011.02.002

[Abstract](2528) [HTML](0) [PDF 119.77 K](4338)

Abstract:
Objective To study the chemical constituents from EtOAc extracts of Paeonia lactiflora. Methods Compounds were isolated by various chromatographic techniques and structures were elucidated on the basis of spectral analysis. Results Seventeen compounds were obtained and their structures were identified as 1,2,6-benzenetriol-1-O-α-D- glucoside (1), paeoniflorin (2), 4-methylpaeoniflorin (3), albiflorin (4), paeonidanin (5), benzoylpaeoniflorin (6), 4-methylbenzoylpaeoniflorin (7), benzoylalbiflorin (8), paeonidanin A (9), galloylalbiflorin (10), debenzoylalbiflorin (11), 4',5-dihydroxyflavanone-7-O-?-D-glucoside (12), 5,7-dihydroxy flavanone-4'-O-?-D-glucoside (13), (+)-catechin (14), gallic acid (15), vanillic acid (16), and 1,2,3-benzenetriol (17). Conclusion Compound 1 is a new compound named paeoniphenoside. Compounds 12 and 13 are firstly obtained from genus Paeonia L., and compounds 5 and 9 are isolated from P. lactiflora for the first time.

3 One New Iridoid Glycoside from Hedyotis tenelliflora

YUAN Qing-mei , YANG Hong-wei , ZHAO Jing-feng , LI Liang

2011, 3(2):87-89. DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1674-6384.2011.02.003

[Abstract](1194) [HTML](0) [PDF 219.89 K](2619)

Abstract:
Objective To study the chemical constituents of Hedyotis tenelliflora. Methods The compounds were isolated by chromatographic separation technology. The structures were identified on the basis of chemical and spectral data. Results Four iridoid glycosides were isolated from the whole plant of H. tenelliflora. On the basis of the chemical and spectral methods, their structures were elucidated as teneoside C (1), harpagoside (2), harpagide (3), and asperulosidic acid (4). Conclusion Compound 1 is a new compound, and compounds 2 and 3 are isolated from H. tenelliflora for the first time.

4 Review of Astragali Radix

LIU Jing , ZHAO Zhong-zhen , CHEN Hu-biao

2011, 3(2):90-105. DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1674-6384.2011.02.004

[Abstract](2138) [HTML](0) [PDF 288.95 K](5046)

Abstract:
Astragali Radix (AR), known as Huangqi in China, is one of the most popular herbal medicines learnt worldwide to reinforce Qi (the vital energy). AR is traditionally prepared from the dried roots of Astragalus membranaceus or A. membranaceus var. mongholicus. It has been reported to have cardiotonic, hepatoprotective, hypotensive, immunostimulant, anti-aging, anti-oxidative, antidiabetic, and anti-inflammatory activities. The bioactive compounds were found to be flavonoids, saponins, polysaccharides, amino acids, and some trace elements. The present paper reviews the studies on AR including history, phytochemistry studies, pharmacological functions, and clinical application in recent years.

5 Key Techniques and Application Progress of Molecular Pharmacognosy

XIAO Xue-feng , HU Jing , XU Hai-yu , GAO Wen-yuan , ZHANG Tie-jun , LIU Chang-xiao

2011, 3(2):106-116. DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1674-6384.2011.02.005

[Abstract](1421) [HTML](0) [PDF 181.81 K](4383)

Abstract:
At the boundary between pharmacognosy and molecular biology, molecular pharmacognosy has developed as a new borderline discipline. This paper reviews the methods, application, and prospect of molecular pharmacognosy. DNA marker is one of genetic markers and some molecular marker methods which have been successfully used for genetic diversity identification and new medicinal resources development. Recombinant DNA technology provides a powerful tool that enables scientists to engineer DNA sequences. Gene chip technique could be used in determination of gene expression profiles, analyses of polymorphisms, construction of genomic library, analysis of mapping, and sequencing by hybridization. Using the methods and theory of molecular biology and pharmacognosy, molecular pharmacognosy represents an extremely prospective branch of pharmacognosy and focuses on the study of systemic growth of medicinal plants, identification and evaluation of germplasm resources, plant metabolomics and production of active compounds. Furthermore, the great breakthrough of molecular pharmacognosy could be anticipated on DNA fingerprint analysis, cultivar improvement, DNA identification, and a global DNA barcoding system in the future.

6 Chemical and Pharmacological Researches on Hyoscyamus niger

LI Jun , SHI Ji , YU Xin-wen , SUN Jing-kuan , MEN Qi-ming , KANG Ting-guo

2011, 3(2):117-126. DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1674-6384.2011.02.006

[Abstract](4385) [HTML](0) [PDF 211.05 K](8371)

Abstract:
The reports on chemical constituents of Hyoscyamus niger were summarized. The compounds include alkaloids, saponins, lignans, coumarinolignans, flavonoids, and some other nonalkaloidal compounds. TLC, HPLC, and GC were used for the qualitative and quantitative analyses of some chemical constituents in H. niger. Modern pharmacological experiments showed that H. niger had the analgesic, anti-inflammatory, antipyretic, anticonvulsant, spasmolytic, antidiarrhoeal, antisecretory, bronchodilatory, urinary bladder relaxant, hypotensive, cardiosuppressant, vasodilator, antitumor, and feeding deterrent properties. In addition, the toxicities of this medicinal plant were also described.

7 Protective Effect of Wenxin Granula on Heart from Myocardial Infarction through Regulating Intracellular Ca2+

LI Xiao-xue , LI Xue-lian , CHU Wen-feng , CAI Rui-jun , SHI Yong-fang , XU Chao-qian , SHAN Hong-li , WANG Xing-yang , LU Yan-jie , YANG Bao-feng

2011, 3(2):127-135. DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1674-6384.2011.02.007

[Abstract](1313) [HTML](0) [PDF 465.48 K](2331)

Abstract:
Objective To assess the anti-arrhythmic activity and cardioprotective effects of Wenxin Granula, a traditional Chinese formula (consisting of Salviae Miltiorrhizae Radix, Polygonati Rhizoma, Notoginseng Radix et Rhizoma, Nardostachyos Radix et Rhizoma, Angelicae Sinensis Radix, and Succinum), on heart in ischemic-induced myocardial infarction (MI) rats and compare with those of Amiodarone which have been demonstrated in clinic. Methods Rats were randomly divided into Sham-operated (control), MI + Amiodarone [5 mg/(kg?d)] (MI), and MI + Wenxin Granula [10 mg/(kg?d)] groups and left anterior descending coronary artery was occluded in each group. After left anterior descending for 12 h, standard lead II of administration electrocardiogram was recorded in order to analyze the occurrence of arrhythmia. After one month, the size of the infarct area of heart was evaluated by TTC staining method and haemodynamic function was assessed to detect the heart function. Laser scanning confocal microscope and the technique of patch clamp were used to detect the intracellular Ca2+ ([Ca2+]i) and L-type calcium current (ICa-L), respectively. Results Both Wenxin Granula [10 mg/(kg?d)] and Amiodarone [5 mg/(kg?d)] could markedly decrease the incidence of arrhythmia in heart of rats which were subjected to ischemic injury. After one month, Wenxin Granula could significantly decrease mortality to 22.22% and reduce the infarct area (P < 0.05), but Amiodarone did not. The mechanism may involve that Wenxin Granula attenuated [Ca2+]i decreasing in MI rats. Additionally, Wenxin Granula could obviously ameliorate the impaired heart function of MI rats by decreasing the elevated left ventricular end-diastolic pressure and increasing the attenuated maximum change velocity of left ventricular pressure in the isovolumic contraction or relaxation period. On the other hand, electrophysiological experiment results revealed that Wenxin Granula administration one month later also increased the reduced ICa-L density in rat ventricular myocytes in MI rats. The results of LSCM showed that Wenxin Granula could recover the amplitude of [Ca2+]i decreased by heart failure during long term. Conclusion Wenxin Granula could not only inhibit the incidence of arrhythmia but also decrease the mortality, which was accompanied by recovering the amplitude of [Ca2+]i. This protective effect of Wenxin Granula may partially be mediated through changing ICa-L as well as increasing [Ca2+]i.

8 Protein Tyrosine Phosphatase 1B Inhibitors from Plantago asiatica

CUI Long , LEE Hyun-sun , AHN Jong-seog , YUAN Guang-xin , SUN Ya-nan

2011, 3(2):136-139. DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1674-6384.2011.02.008

[Abstract](1237) [HTML](0) [PDF 207.53 K](3245)

Abstract:
Objective To identify the active compounds for protein tyrosine phosphatase 1B (PTP1B) from the seeds of Plantago asiatica. Methods Bioassay-guided fractionation resulted in the isolation of iridoid glucosides (1－5) with PTP1B inhibitory activity. Results Five compounds were identified as desacetylhookerioside (1), melittoside (2), geniposidic acid (3), 10-O-acetyl-geniposidic acid (4), and alpinoside (5). Conclusion Isolated compounds 3－5 inhibit PTP1B with IC50 values ranged from (16.3 ? 1.1) to (19.8 ? 1.2) μmol/L.

9 Feature Extraction of Chinese Materia Medica Fingerprint Based on Star Plot Representation of Multivariate Data

CUI Jian-xin , HONG Wen-xue , ZHOU Rong-juan , GAO Hai-bo

2011, 3(2):140-143. DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1674-6384.2011.02.009

[Abstract](2262) [HTML](0) [PDF 142.79 K](19709)

Abstract:
Objective To study a novel feature extraction method of Chinese materia medica (CMM) fingerprint. Methods On the basis of the radar graphical presentation theory of multivariate, the radar map was used to figure the non-map parameters of the CMM fingerprint, then to extract the map features and to propose the feature fusion. Results Better performance was achieved when using this method to test data. Conclusion This shows that the feature extraction based on radar chart presentation can mine the valuable features that facilitate the identification of Chinese medicine.

10 Study on Plasma Concentration and Bioavailability of Wogonin in Beagle’s Dogs

LI Jian-chun , CHEN Fei-hu , DONG Hai-jun , GAO Shu

2011, 3(2):144-149. DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1674-6384.2011.02.010

[Abstract](1774) [HTML](0) [PDF 237.61 K](3687)

Abstract:
Objective To develop an LC-MS/MS method for determining the concentration of wogonin in dog plasma and investigate the pharmacokinetics and bioavailability by different administrations of wogonin in Beagle’s dogs. Methods LC-MS/MS was employed in determining the concentration of wogonin with the selected ion monitoring model after liquid-liquid extraction with ethyl acetate of dog plasma samples. The lower limit of quantification was 0.105 μg/L. Target ions were at m/z 285.0→270.0 for wogonin and 373.3→305.3 for finasteride. In a randomized, self-control, and cross-over study, six male Beagle’s dogs were treated with different administration methods in three test periods. Pharmacokinetic parameters were calculated with DAS software (Ver. 2.0). Results The calibration curve was linear in the range of 0.105－107.36 μg/L for wogonin in dog plasma samples. The main pharmacokinetic parameters of ig administration (native drug of 15 mg/kg and solution preparation of 5 mg/kg) and iv route were as follows: Cmax (2.5 ± 1.1), (7.9 ± 3.3), and (6838.7 ± 1322.1) μg/L, tmax (0.7 ± 0.3) and (0.3 ± 0.2) h for the both former, AUC0-t (7.1 ± 2.0), (21.0 ± 3.2), and (629.7 ± 111.8) μg?h/L. The absolute bioavailability of native and solution of wogonin were (0.59 ± 0.35)% and (3.65 ± 2.00)%, respectively. Conclusion The validated method is convenient, sensitive, and specific, and the improvement of wogonin solubility could remarkably increase the absolute bioavailability.

11 Analgesic and Anti-inflammatory Effects of Ginger Oil

JIA Yong-liang , ZHAO Jun-ming , ZHANG Lin-hui , SUN Bao-shan , BAO Meng-jing , LI Fen-fen , SHEN Jian , SHEN Hui-jun , ZHAO Yu-qing , XIE Qiang-min

2011, 3(2):150-155. DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1674-6384.2011.02.011

[Abstract](3328) [HTML](0) [PDF 157.86 K](9117)

Abstract:
Objective Ginger (Zingiber officinale) is widely used as a spice in cooking and as a medicinal herb in traditional herbal medicine. The present study was to investigate the analgesic and anti-inflammatory activities of ginger oil in experimental animal models. Methods The analgesic effect of the oils was evaluated by the “acetic acid” and “hot-plate” test models of pain in mice. The anti-inflammatory effect of the oil was investigated in rats, using rat paw edema induced by carrageenan, adjuvant arthritis, and vascular permeability induced by bradykinin, arachidonic acid, and histamine. Indomethacin (1 mg/kg), Aspirin (0.5 g/kg) and Dexamethasone (2.5 mg/kg) were used respectively as reference drugs for comparison. Results The ginger oil (0.25－1.0 g/kg) produced significant analgesic effect against chemically- and thermally-induced nociceptive pain stimuli in mice (P < 0.05, 0.01). And the ginger oil (0.25－1.0 g/kg) also significantly inhibited carrageenan-induced paw edema, adjuvant arthritis, and inflammatory mediators-induced vascular permeability in rats (P < 0.05, 0.001). Conclusion These findings confirm that the ginger oil can be used to treat pain and chronic inflammation such as rheumatic arthritis.

12 RP-HPLC Determination of 1,3-Dideoxygalactonojirimycin in Bombycis Faeces

QI Hui , ZHAO Hui , DING Zhen-ying , ZHU Yuan-yuan

2011, 3(2):156-158. DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1674-6384.2011.02.012

[Abstract](1250) [HTML](0) [PDF 128.62 K](3022)

Abstract:
Objective To establish a simple and rapid method for the determination of 1,3-dideoxygalactonojirimycin in Bombycis Faeces, a potent glucosidase inihibitor, by HPLC. Methods A RP-HPLC method with fluorescence detection has been developed. Results The HPLC method developed in this research has a good reliability including accuracy and precision. The detection limit was less than 72 ng. Conclusion This method is sufficiently sensitive for determining 1,3-dideoxygalactonojirimycin in Bombycis Faeces and other related products.

Volume 3,Issue 2,2011 Table of Contents

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