目的 探讨虫草菌丝中的3种活性成分（虫草素、腺苷、麦角甾醇）对血管新生和肝内皮细胞功能的影响。方法 采用鸡胚绒毛尿囊膜实验和转基因斑马鱼实验分别观察虫草素、腺苷、麦角甾醇对新生血管面积、功能血管数量及碱性磷酸酶变化的影响；MTT法测定3个化合物对人肝癌SK-HEP-1细胞的细胞毒活性；采用血管内皮生长因子（VEGF）诱导SK-HEP-1细胞增殖为模型，以索拉非尼为阳性对照药，MTT法测定3个化合物对细胞增殖的影响，Transwell法观察细胞迁移，Matrigel管腔形成实验观察细胞管腔形成情况，荧光探针法检测胞内一氧化氮（NO）的量和一氧化氮合酶（NOS）活性。结果 虫草菌丝中腺苷、麦角甾醇能够显著抑制鸡胚绒毛尿囊膜血管新生、减少转基因斑马鱼功能血管数量，而虫草素能够促进鸡胚绒毛尿囊膜血管新生；与对照组相比，VEGF可诱导SK-HEP-1细胞增殖，促进细胞迁移和管腔形成，并可使其胞内NO水平和NOS活性显著升高；与模型组相比，虫草素、腺苷、麦角甾醇呈剂量依赖性地抑制SK-HEP-1细胞增殖，腺苷、麦角甾醇能抑制SK-HEP-1细胞迁移，3者均可不同程度地抑制SK-HEP-1细胞管腔形成，且剂量依赖性地降低胞内NO水平和NOS活性。结论 虫草菌丝中的虫草素、腺苷、麦角甾醇对SK-HEP-1细胞增殖、迁移、管腔形成有不同程度的抑制作用，其中腺苷的作用尤为明显；其机制与抑制细胞内NO水平和NOS活性有关。

Objective To investigate the effects of three active components in Cordyceps sinensis (cordycepin, adenosine, and ergosterol) on angiogenesis and the function of hepatic endothelial cells. Methods Chick chorioallantoic membrane was used to record angiogenesis area, and transgenic zebrafish was used to evaluate the changes of intersegmental vascular and alkaline phosphatase. The toxicity of three active components was assayed in SK-HEP-1 cells by MTT. The proliferation of SK-HEP-1 cells was induced by vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), with sorafenib as the positive control. Cell proliferation was analyzed by MTT assay. Cell migration and tube formation were observed by Matrigel and Transwell assay, respectively. Fluorescence probe method was used to detect the levels of intracellular nitric oxide (NO) and nitric oxide synthase (NOS). Results Adenosine and ergosterol inhibited angiogenesis of chick chorioallantoic membrane, and decreased the number of transgenic zebrafish intersegmental vascular. However, cordycepin can promote angiogenesis of chick chorioallantoic membrane. Compared with the blank control group, VEGF induced SK-HEP-1 cells proliferation, promoted cells migration and tube formation, further significantly increased the levels of NO and NOS in SK-HEP-1. All three active components inhibited the proliferation, tube formation of SK-HEP-1 and decreased the levels of NO and NOS in a dose-dependent manner. Moreover, adenosine and ergosterol inhibited SK-HEP-1 cells migration significantly. Conclusion Three active components, especially adenosine, could inhibit SK-HEP-1 cells proliferation, migration and tube formation in different degrees. And the mechanism is related to the inhibition of intracellular NO levels and NOS activity.

国家自然科学基金资助项目（81473404，81603467）；上海市进一步加快中医药事业发展三年行动计划建设项目（ZY3-CCCX-2-1003）