赵霓, 任黎勃, 李茂利. 前列地尔注射液联合尿毒清颗粒治疗慢性肾功能不全的临床研究[J]. 现代药物与临床, 2014, (10): 1138-1141.

ZHAO Ni, REN Li-bo, LI Mao-li. Clinical study on Alprostadil Injection combined with Niaoduqing Granules in treatment of chronic renal insufficiency[J]. DRUGS&CLINIC, 2014, (10): 1138-1141.

前列地尔注射液联合尿毒清颗粒治疗慢性肾功能不全的临床研究
赵霓,
任黎勃,
李茂利
收稿日期: 2014-6-9;
作者简介:赵 霓,工作于济南市机关医院门诊部。
通讯作者:李茂利,主治医师。Tel:13869125156 E-mail:371061418@qq.com
摘要:目的 探讨前列地尔注射液联合尿毒清颗粒治疗慢性肾功能不全的临床疗效。方法 2012年7月—2014年2月济南市机关医院收治的慢性肾功能不全患者40例,随机分为治疗组(20例)和对照组(20例),对照组在基础治疗上口服尿毒清颗粒1包/次,3次/d。治疗组在对照组基础上静脉滴注前列地尔注射液10 μg/d,静滴时间3 h以上。两组均连续治疗3周。治疗后,评价两组的临床疗效,同时比较两组治疗前后血肌酐(Scr)、内生肌酐清除率(Ccr)、尿素氮(BUN)、血红蛋白(Hb)、血浆白蛋白(Alb)和调节性T细胞(Treg)。结果 治疗组和对照组的总有效率分别为75.0%、65.0%,两组比较差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。治疗后,两组患者BUN、Scr均较治疗前显著降低,Ccr、Hb较治疗前显著升高,同组治疗前后差异有统计学意义(P<0.05,0.01);且治疗后治疗组BUN、Scr、Ccr的改善程度优于对照组,两组比较差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。治疗后,两组患者CD4+-Treg、CD4+CD25+CD127-Treg均较治疗前显著降低,同组治疗前后差异有统计学意义(P<0.05),且治疗组降低程度大于对照组,两组比较差异有统计学意义(P<0.05,0.01)。两组患者治疗后Th1、Th1/Th2均较治疗前显著增加,Th2显著降低,同组治疗前后差异有统计学意义(P<0.01);治疗后治疗组Th1、Th1/Th2显著高于对照组,两组比较差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论 前列地尔注射液联合尿毒清颗粒对慢性肾功能不全具有较好的临床疗效,可通过调节患者的免疫功能,改善Th1/Th2水平发挥作用。
关键词:
前列地尔注射液
尿毒清颗粒
慢性肾功能不全
调节性T细胞
Clinical study on Alprostadil Injection combined with Niaoduqing Granules in treatment of chronic renal insufficiency
ZHAO Ni,
REN Li-bo,
LI Mao-li
Authority Hospital of Jinan City, Jinan 250001, China
Abstract: Objective To investigate the effect of Alprostadil Injection combined with Niaoduqing Granules in the treatment of chronic renal insufficiency. Methods Collecting 40 cases suffered from chronic renal insufficiency from July 2012 to February 2014 in the Authority Hospital of Jinan City, which were randomly divided into treatment (20 cases) and control (20 cases) group. Patients in the control group were po administered with Niaoduqing Granules on the basis of foundation treatment, 1 bag/time, three times daily. Patients in the treatment group were iv administered with Alprostadil Injection 10 μg/d for more than 3 h on the basis of control group. The patients in the two groups were treated for 3 weeks. After the treatment, the treatment efficacy was evaluated, while Scr, Ccr, BUN, Hb, Alb, and regulatory T cell were compared between the two groups. Results The efficacies in the treatment and control groups were 75.0% and 65.0%, respectively, and there were differences between the two groups (P < 0.05). After the treatment, BUN and Scr in the two groups were significantly reduced, while the Ccr and Hb were significantly increased, and the difference was statistically significant before and after the treatment in the same group (P < 0.05, 0.01). And after the treatment, BUN, Scr, and Ccr in the treatment group were improved better than those in the control group, and there was significant difference between the two groups (P < 0.05). After the treatment, CD4+-Treg and CD4+CD25+CD127-Treg in the two groups were significantly reduced, and the difference was statistically significant before and after the treatment in the same group (P < 0.05). And reduced degree in the treatment group was greater than that in the control group, and there was significant difference between the two groups (P < 0.05, 0.01). Th1 and Th1/Th2 in the two groups were significantly increased, while Th2 was significantly reduced, and the differenc was statistically significant before and after the treatment in the same group (P < 0.01). After the treatment, Th1 and Th1/Th2 in the treatment group were significantly higher than those in the control group, and there was significant difference between the two groups (P < 0.05). Conclusion Alprostadil Injection combined with Niaoduqing Granules has a good clinical effect in the treatment of chronic renal insufficiency, which maybe through adjust the immune function of patients and improve the levels of Th1/Th2 to play the role.
Key words:
Alprostadil Injection
Niaoduqing Granules
chronic renal insufficiency
regulatory T cell
慢性肾功能不全是多种肾脏疾病持续性发展过程中的重要转归,患者往往表现为机体免疫力低下、并发感染及全身性代谢失调等症状[1]。目前慢性肾功能不全治疗包括限制蛋白质摄入、补充必需氨基酸、肠道透析等,但这些治疗方法未针对发病机制进行,疗效并不尽如人意[2]。前列地尔可以改善机体红细胞变形能力、扩张血管、改善微循环,在慢性肾功能不全治疗中发挥重要作用[3]。本研究从免疫调节角度出发,探讨前列地尔对慢性肾功能不全的临床疗效,从而阐明前列地尔调节细胞免疫功能、治疗慢性肾功能不全的作用机制。
1 资料与方法
1.1 临床资料
选择2012年7月—2014年2月济南市机关医院内科住院慢性肾功能不全患者为观察对象,共40例,男18例,女22例,年龄20~68岁,平均年龄(41.2±7.9)岁;内生肌酐清除率(Ccr)20~50 mL/min,血肌酐(Scr)178~442 μmol/L;氮质血症期19例,肾衰期21例。
纳入标准:符合人民卫生出版社《肾脏病学》(1996)诊断及分期标准[4]的非透析治疗患者,原发病均为慢性肾小球肾炎。排除标准:严重泌尿系统梗阻及在观察期内进入透析治疗的患者;使用肾毒性药物患者;急慢性感染患者;体液丢失患者;心力衰竭、肝硬化、脑梗死、脑出血等严重心、肝、脑疾病患者;原发或继发性自身免疫障碍患者及恶性肿瘤患者。开始治疗前所有患者均表示自愿参加研究,并签署知情同意书,且本研究通过医院伦理委员会批准。
1.2 药物
前列地尔注射液由北京泰德制药股份有限公司生产,规格2 mL∶10 μg,产品批号1295005;尿毒清颗粒由康臣药业(内蒙古)有限责任公司生产,5.0 g/包,产品批号131201。
1.3 分组和治疗方法
将患者按照随机数字分为治疗组和对照组,每组20例。其中,治疗组男9例,女11例,年龄20~67岁,平均年龄(41.4±8.8)岁;Ccr 20~50 mL/min,Scr178~442 μmol/L;氮质血症期10例,肾衰期10例。对照组男9例,女11例,年龄20~68岁,平均年龄(41.1±6.4)岁;Ccr 20~50 mL/min,Scr 181~442 μmol/L;氮质血症期9例,肾衰期11例。两组患者基线资料一致,差异无统计学意义,具有加好的可比性。
两组患者均采用低蛋白、低盐、低磷饮食,充足热量,适当控制血压、蛋白尿并注意保持水、电解质和酸碱平衡。对照组口服尿毒清颗粒1包/次,3次/d。治疗组在对照组基础上静脉滴注前列地尔注射液10 μg/d,静滴时间3 h以上。两组3周为1个疗程,治疗1疗程后评价疗效。
1.4 临床疗效评价[4]
显效:治疗后患者症状明显减轻或消失,Ccr增加20%以上或Scr降低超过20%;有效:治疗后患者症状减轻,Ccr增加超过10%但不足20%,或Scr降低超过10%但不足20%;无效:治疗后达不到以上标准者。
有效率=(显效+有效)/总例数
1.5 观察指标
治疗结束后进行Scr、Ccr、尿素氮(BUN)、血红蛋白(Hb)、血浆白蛋白(Alb)检测,流式细胞仪进行外周血调节性T细胞(Treg)测定。
1.6 不良反应
观察两组患者在治疗过程中有无血管红肿、休克、腹泻、腹胀、头痛、头晕等不良反应发生。
1.7 统计学分析
研究数据以SPSS 20.0分析,计量资料采用`x±s表示进行描述,成组资料用t检验进行分析;计数资料以χ2检验;等级资料比较采用秩和检验。
2 结果
2.1 两组临床疗效比较
治疗后,治疗组显效7例,有效8例,总有效率75.0%;对照组显效6例,有效6例,总有效率60.0%,两组有效率比较差异有统计学意义(P<0.05),见表 1。
表 1(Table 1)
表 1 两组临床疗效比较
Table 1 Comparison on clinical efficacies between two groups
组别 | n/例 | 显效/例 | 有效/例 | 无效/例 | 有效率/% | 治疗 | 20 | 7 | 8 | 5 | 75.0 | 对照 | 20 | 6 | 6 | 8 | 60.0 |
与对照组比较:*P<0.05 |
*P<0.05 vs control group |
|
表 1 两组临床疗效比较
Table 1 Comparison on clinical efficacies between two groups |
2.2 两组治疗前后观察指标比较
治疗后,两组患者BUN、Scr均较治疗前显著降低,Ccr、Hb较治疗前显著升高,同组治疗前后差异有统计学意义(P<0.05、0.01);且治疗后治疗组BUN、Scr、Ccr的改善程度优于对照组,两组比较差异有统计学意义(P<0.05),见表 2。
表 2(Table 2)
表 2 两组观察指标比较(`x ± s,n=20)
Table 2 Comparison on observational indexes between two groups (`x ± s, n=20 )
组别 | 观察时间 | BUN/(mmol·L−1) | Scr/(μmol·L−1) | Ccr/(mL·min−1) | Alb/(g·L−1) | Hb/(g·L−1) | 治疗 | 治疗前 | 25.73±8.31 | 361.15±48.56 | 21.69±14.56 | 28.41±10.26 | 80.15±10.26 | 治疗后 | 16.64±4.85**▲ | 251.36±19.65**▲ | 32.51±18.94*▲ | 34.21±15.21* | 88.69±14.26* | 对照 | 治疗前 | 25.36±4.59 | 362.57±51.28 | 21.81±7.85 | 28.93±7.65 | 80.33±14.26 | 治疗后 | 20.15±6.45* | 308.69±31.56* | 24.36±6.91* | 31.45±9.65 | 86.65±15.21* |
与同组治疗前比较:*P<0.05 **P<0.01;与对照组治疗后比较:▲P<0.05 |
*P < 0.05 **P < 0.01 vs same group before treatment; ▲P < 0.05 vs control group after treatment |
|
表 2 两组观察指标比较(`x ± s,n=20)
Table 2 Comparison on observational indexes between two groups (`x ± s, n=20 ) |
2.3 两组治疗前后Treg水平比较
治疗后,两组患者CD4+-Treg、CD4+CD25+CD127-Treg均较治疗前显著降低,同组治疗前后差异有统计学意义(P<0.05),且治疗组降低程度大于对照组,两组比较差异有统计学意义(P<0.05、0.01),见表 3。
表 3(Table 3)
表 3 两组治疗前后Treg水平比较(`x ± s,n=20)
Table 3 Comparison on Treg level between two groups before and after treatment (`x ± s, n=20 )
组别 | CD4+-Treg/% | CD4+CD127-Treg/% | CD4+CD25+CD127-Treg/% | 治疗前 | 治疗后 | 治疗前 | 治疗后 | 治疗前 | 治疗后 | 治疗 | 43.65±7.89 | 29.56±15.62▲▲ | 17.56±9.85 | 19.68±6.84 | 23.54±11.23 | 17.24±7.84▲ | 对照 | 44.57±9.62 | 34.54±10.24 | 17.99±7.15 | 20.48±8.12 | 22.89±8.15 | 19.51±7.53 |
与同组治疗前比较:*P<0.05;与对照组治疗后比较:▲P<0.05 ▲▲P<0.01 |
*P < 0.05 vs same group before treatment; ▲P < 0.05 ▲▲P < 0.01 vs control group after treatment |
|
表 3 两组治疗前后Treg水平比较(`x ± s,n=20)
Table 3 Comparison on Treg level between two groups before and after treatment (`x ± s, n=20 ) |
2.4 两组治疗前后Th1、Th2、Th1/Th2比较
两组患者治疗后Th1、Th1/Th2均较治疗前显著增加,Th2显著降低,同组治疗前后差异有统计学意义(P<0.01);治疗后治疗组Th1、Th1/Th2显著高于对照组,两组比较差异有统计学意义(P<0.05),见表 4。
表 4(Table 4)
表 4 两组治疗前后Th1、Th2、Th1/Th2比较(`x ± s,n=20)
Table 4 Comparison on Th1, Th2, and Th1/Th2 between two groups (`x ± s, n=20 )
组别 | Th1/% | Th2/% | Th1/Th2/% | 治疗前 | 治疗后 | 治疗前 | 治疗后 | 治疗前 | 治疗后 | 治疗 | 2.58±0.89 | 4.15±1.02**▲ | 4.25±1.21 | 2.33±0.35** | 1.02±0.59 | 1.68±1.05**▲ | 对照 | 2.59±0.89 | 3.85±1.03** | 4.19±0.75 | 2.10±0.95** | 1.10±0.85 | 1.44±0.87** |
与同组治疗前比较:**P<0.01;与对照组治疗后比较:▲P<0.05 |
**P< 0.01 vs same group before treatment; ▲P < 0.05 vs control group after treatment |
|
表 4 两组治疗前后Th1、Th2、Th1/Th2比较(`x ± s,n=20)
Table 4 Comparison on Th1, Th2, and Th1/Th2 between two groups (`x ± s, n=20 ) |
2.5 不良反应
治疗组出现1例血管红肿,但经减慢滴速后症状缓解,未影响治疗;对照组无明显不良反应发生。
3 讨论
慢性肾功能不全是多种肾病的共同转归,由于其功能进行性减退的机制尚未完全阐明,使其针对病因治疗受到限制。许多学者发现,慢性肾功能不全病情发展与机体炎性反应和免疫功能低下有关,细胞免疫介导的肾损伤学说成为研究的热点[5]。前列地尔有抑制免疫反应的作用,对炎性细胞浸润和免疫复合物形成也具有较好的抑制作用。而免疫学研究认为,Treg是机体重要的免疫调节因子,与多种疾病及炎症状态密切相关[6]。
本研究结果显示,前列地尔能够明显改善患者BUN、Scr、Ccr等指标,对慢性肾功能不全具有良好的疗效。从外周Treg来看,治疗组CD4+-Treg、CD4+CD25+CD127-Treg低于对照组,差异具有统计学意义。外周Treg细胞除表达CD4、CD25外,还表达大量CTL1-4,需在各种细胞因子和分子共同作用下维持其平衡。同时,Treg也可通过分泌细胞因子IL-10、IL-6、INF-γ等发挥免疫抑制作用。活化后的Treg细胞能够表达颗粒酶,其CD4+、CD8+、CD14+单核细胞及DC均能够通过细胞毒作用杀伤多种自体靶细胞,并通过与其他细胞群落之间的相互制约达到动态平衡,从而实现效应性T细胞和Treg的功能和数量上的平衡[7]。Suvas等[8]认为,在糖尿病肾病所致的肾衰竭患者中,存在致病性CD4+ T细胞的大量活化,产生大量炎性因子,从而导致患者出现肾功能的进一步损伤。Green等[9]在对慢性肾功能不全患者与健康对照者的比较中也发现,CD4+CD127-Treg细胞所占CD4+ T细胞比例明显降低,这也提示肾功能不全的发病机制可能与CD4+CD127-Treg抑制有关。这种抑制可以从两方面引起肾功能损害:(1)患者免疫功能低下,可导致致病微生物反复感染;(2)机体无法产生足够的抗体将致病因子清除,从而形成免疫复合物堆积于肾脏,引起肾脏损伤。而本研究结果中仅发现CD4+-Treg、CD4+CD25+CD127-Treg两组间异常,而未发现CD4+CD127-Treg比例的差异,说明PGE1的治疗可以调节肾功能不全患者的免疫功能但调节强度仍有提高的余地。
有学者[10, 11]认为在慢性肾功能不全患者中存在Th2分泌细胞因子如IL-6、IL-10升高,Th1分泌因子IL-2、IFN-γ降低,而Th2的优势应答能够加重疾病病情,这种理论也可以较好的解释为何慢性肾功能不全患者真菌、寄生虫及病毒感染率高。本研究显示,治疗后Th1升高更为显著,而Th2水平降低,说明前列地尔对改善患者的Th1/Th2失衡状况具有较好效果,提示前列地尔对慢性肾功能不全患者的免疫调节失衡具有较好的改善效果。
综上所述,前列地尔对慢性肾功能不全具有较好的临床疗效,可通过调节患者的免疫功能,改善Th1/Th2水平发挥作用。
参考文献
[1] |
康 辉, 柴红宇, 张秀丽. 肾衰宁胶囊治疗慢性肾功能不全的疗效分析 [J]. 中国医药导报, 2009, 6(5): 34-35.
|
[2] |
朱征西. 前列地尔治疗慢性肾衰竭的疗效及其机制研究 [J]. 中国全科医学, 2012, 15(9): 3058-3060.
|
[3] |
李凤玲. 前列地儿注射剂治疗慢性肾功能不全35例疗效观察 [J]. 苏州大学学报: 医学版, 2007, 36(6): 117-119.
|
[4] |
王海燕. 肾脏病学 [M]. 北京: 人民卫生出版社, 1996, 1385.
|
[5] |
Tai X, Cowan M, Feigenbaum L, et al. CD28 costimulation of development thymocytes induces Foxp 3 expression and regulatory T cell differentiation independently of interleukin 2 [J]. Nat RevImmunol, 2005, 6(2): 152-162.
|
[6] |
Paust S, Cantor H. Regulatory T cells and autoimmune disease [J]. Immunol Rev, 2005, 204(1): 195-207.
|
[7] |
Tang O, Henriksen K J, Boden E K, et al. Cutting edge: CD28 controls peripheral homeostasis of CD4+CD25+ regulatory T cells [J]. J Immunol, 2003, 171(7): 3348-3352.
|
[8] |
Suvas S, Kumaraguru U, Pack C D, et al. CD4+CD25+ T cells regulate virus-specific primary and memory CD8+ T cells response [J]. J Exp Med, 2003, 198(6): 889-901.
|
[9] |
Green E A, Choi Y, Flavell R A. Pancreatic lymph nodederived CD4+CD25+ Treg cells: highly potent regulators of diabetes that require Trance-Rand signals [J]. Immunity, 2012, 16(2):183-191.
|
[10] |
Yin Z, Braun J, Neure L, et al. Crucial role of interleukin-10/interleukin12 balance in the regulation of the type 2 T helper cytokine response in reactive arthritis [J]. Arthritis Rheum, 1997, 40(10): 1788-1797.
|
[11] |
Roncarlolo M G, Levings M K. The role of different subsets of T regulatory cells in controlling autoimmunity [J]. Curr Opin Immunol, 2010, 12(6): 676-683.
|