Volume 6,Issue 3,2014 Table of Contents

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  • 1  Scientific and Practical Bio-analysis Method is Basic for TCM Pharmacokinetic Study
    Chang-xiao Liu
    2014, 6(3):171-171. DOI: 10.1016/S1674-6384(14)60029-0
    [Abstract](570) [HTML](0) [PDF 108.29 K](1598)
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    2  Chemical Constituents in Plants of Genus Kadsura Kaempf. ex Juss.
    Hai-tao Liu Jiu-shi Liu Jin Zhang Yao-jie Guo Yao-dong Qi Xiao-guang Jia Ben-gang Zhang Pei-gen Xiao
    2014, 6(3):172-197. DOI: 10.1016/S1674-6384(14)60028-9
    [Abstract](1317) [HTML](0) [PDF 1.06 M](2574)
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    Genus Kadsura Kaempf. ex Juss. includes important medicinal plants widely used in the south and southwest of China. The stems and roots are effective in activating blood and resolving stasis, promoting qi circulation to relieve pain, dispelling wind and eliminating dampness, in which lignans and triterpenoids are the major bioactive constituents. Here we summarized the chemical constituents isolated from genus Kadsura Kaempf. ex Juss., which would provide a primary and strategic platform for further exploiting the medicinal value and resources of genus Kadsura Kaempf. ex Juss.
    3  Bioanalysis and Pharmacokinetics of Eight Active Components from Huanglian Jiedu Decoction in Rat Plasma by LC-ESI-MS/MS Method
    Cheng-cheng Peng Shu-ping Wang Hui-zi Jin Jian-fei Tao Guo-wei Wang Pan-lei Wei Xu-feng Zhang Le Li Run-hui Liu Wei-dong Zhang
    2014, 6(3):198-210. DOI: 10.1016/S1674-6384(14)60029-0
    [Abstract](1297) [HTML](0) [PDF 567.17 K](1910)
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    Objective To develop a sensitive and rapid liquid chromatography?electrospray ionization?tandem mass spectrometry (LC-ESI-MS/MS) method for the simultaneous determination of wogonin, coptisine, berberine, palmatine, jatrorrhizine, phello- dendrine, magnoflorine, and wogonoside in rat plasma and to evaluate the pharmacokinetic characteristics of Huanglian Jiedu Decoction (HJD). Methods LC separation was performed on an Acquity HSS T3 column (100 mm × 2.1 mm, 1.8 μm) using gradient elution with the mobile phase consisting of acetonitrile and 0.1% formic acid water. The detection was accomplished by using positive electrospray ionization in multiple-reaction monitoring mode. Plasma samples were pretreated by protein precipitation. Results The method showed a good linearity over a wide concentration range (r2 > 0.99). The lower limits of quantification were 0.20 ng/mL for coptisine and phellodendrine, 0.48 ng/mL for berberine, 0.10 ng/mL for jatrorrhizine, 0.32 ng/mL for magnoflorine, 0.30 ng/mL for palmatine, and 4.80 ng/mL for wogonin and wogonoside, respectively. The intra- and inter-day precision of the analytes was less than 12.11%, while the accuracy was between ?14.46% and 4.86%. The mean recovery of all the analytes ranged from 93.10% to 110.91%. Conclusion This validated method offers the advantages of high sensitivity. It is successfully applied to evaluating the pharmacokinetic properties of HJD.
    4  Quantitative Analysis of Multi-components and Volatile Contituents in Watermelon Frost Powder by HPLC and GC
    Chao Zhang Jing-hua Su
    2014, 6(3):211-216. DOI: 10.1016/S1674-6384(14)60030-7
    [Abstract](1060) [HTML](0) [PDF 314.47 K](2068)
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    Objective Watermelon frost powder (WFP, Mirabilitum Praeparatum) is a Chinese patent drug commonly used for external application, consisting of dozens of Chinese materia medica. To determine the contents of the multi-components in WFP. Methods Quantitative analysis of 10 principal constituents and three principal volatile constituents had been taken in this experiment to investigate the quality of Glycyrrhizae Radix, Coptidis Rhizoma, Phellodendri Cortex, Rhei Radix et Rhizoma, Scutellariae Radix, Borneolum, and menthol in WFP by HPLC and GC. Results Comparing with raw materials, the contents of liquirtin and glycyrrhetinic acid were distinct, and the contents of rhein in WFP and raw Rhei Radix et Rhizoma were different. The possible reasons might lie in the input status of raw materials in the processes of production or others. In GC test, isoborneol, the constituent in Borneolum syntheticum, had been detected out, and should not exist in nature Borneolum. Conclusion The inspection standard of WFP should be perfected and some weakness involved in this experiment requires further explanation and research.
    5  Rapid Analysis of Polar Components in Ophiocordyceps sinensis by Conventional Liquid Chromatography System
    Wen-qing Li Wen-jia Li Zheng-ming Qian Shi-lin Chen Li Xiang
    2014, 6(3):217-221. DOI: 10.1016/S1674-6384(14)60031-9
    [Abstract](1140) [HTML](0) [PDF 353.87 K](1851)
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    Objective To develop a rapid high-performance liquid chromatography coupled with diode array detection (HPLC-DAD) method for the simultaneous determination of six polar compounds in Ophiocordyceps sinensis. Methods A poroshell SB Aq column (50 mm × 4.6 mm, 2.7 μm) and gradient elution were used; The detection wavelength of compounds was set at 260 nm. The chromatographic peaks of the six investigated compounds in sample were identified by comparing their retention times with reference compounds. Results All calibration curves showed good linearity (r > 0.999) within the tested ranges. The intra- and inter-day precisions of the six analytes were less than 0.8% and 2.1%, respectively, and the recoveries of the six analytes were between 95% and 103%. The validated method was successfully applied to the determination of six polar compounds in O. sinensis samples. Conclusion The poroshell SB Aq column is suitable for the rapid analysis of polar components in Chinese materia medica on conventional HPLC system and the developed HPLC method is also helpful to the quality control of O. sinensis.
    6  Protective Effects of Tannins in Sanguisorbae Radix on Myelosuppression Mice
    Yong-ai Xiong Qi-nan Yu Jun-bo Zou Yi-hang He Shuai-jie Zhang Run-chun Xu Ming Yang
    2014, 6(3):222-227. DOI: 10.1016/S1674-6384(14)60032-0
    [Abstract](1017) [HTML](0) [PDF 387.52 K](1866)
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    Objective To explore the protective effects of tannins in Sanguisorba Radix (TSR) on myelosuppression mice induced by cyclophosphamide (CTX). Methods TSR was ig given at the dose of 20 mg/kg for 10 d after ip administration of CTX (200 mg/kg). Results TSR could significantly increase the numbers of white blood cells, red blood cells, and platelets of myelosuppression in mice. And it could accelerate bone marrow haemopoietic stem/progenitor cells (HSPCs) in myelosuppression mice and enhance cell proliferation by promoting cell cycles from G0/G1 phase to access into S and G2/M phases, then the reduced number of HSPCs induced by CTX was reversed. Moreover, TSR could increase the mRNA and protein expression levels of O(6)-methylguanine-DNA methyltransferase (MGMT) in HSPCs of myelosuppression mice. Conclsion TSR has a protective function against CTX-induced myelosuppression. The mechanism might be related to protecting hematopoietic stem cells of bone marrow, stimulating hematopoiesis recovery, as well as preventing the apoptosis of hematopoietic stem cells induced by CTX.
    7  Synergistic Effects of CO2 and LED Lighting on Accumulation of Terpenes in Roots of Gynura bicolor
    Jin Ren Shuang-sheng Guo Quan-yong Cheng Yun-ze Shen Hong-qi Feng
    2014, 6(3):228-236. DOI: 10.1016/S1674-6384(14)60033-2
    [Abstract](890) [HTML](0) [PDF 602.00 K](1870)
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    Objective To investigate the essential oil profile and terpenes accumulation in the roots of Gynura bicolor (Asteracese) treated by CO2 and LED lighting. Methods G. bicolor herbs were treated by CO2 at the levels of 450 (control) and 1200 (elevated) μmol/mol and LED lighting with white light, RB20 (red/blue=8/2) and RB40 (red/blue=6/4). Headspace solid-phase micro-extraction-GC MS was employed to analyze terpenes from the essential oil of the roots. Results In all treated-roots, the major components of terpenes were (E)-β-farnesene, α-, β-caryophyllene, δ-, β-, γ-elemene, and α-pinene. Increasing CO2 significantly decreased mono- and sesqui-terpenes in the roots under all light conditions, leading to the decreasing yields of the essential oils. Terpenes were at a higher level in RB20-treated roots than that in RB40-treated ones under both control and elevated CO2. Conclusion CO2 (450 μmol/mol) and 20 % blue LED lights are more conducive to the accumulation of terpenes in the roots than 1200 μmol/mol CO2 and 40% blue LED lights.
    8  Regeneration of Carthamus tinctorius from Jimsar
    Li-jiao Fan Mei-li Guo
    2014, 6(3):237-241. DOI: 10.1016/S1674-6384(14)60034-4
    [Abstract](984) [HTML](0) [PDF 307.06 K](1459)
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    Objective To investigate the factors significantly affecting the shoot buds regeneration of Carthamus tinctorius from Jimsar (CTJ). Methods Through tissue culture experiments, the influences of culture temperature, illuminance, relative humidity, explants type, seedlings age, and plant growth regulators added in culture media on in vitro regeneration of CTJ were investigated. Results The culture temperature was set at 24 oC in daytime and 16 oC at night, illuminance at 9000 lx, and 60% relative humidity were suitable for CTJ regeneration. Cotyledons excised from 6-8 d old seedlings were more responsive than even-aged euphyll, hypocotyl, and root explants because of inducing adventitious buds. The highest percentage of regenerated shoots (79.1%) with about five adventitious buds per responding explant was obtained from MS basal medium containing 12.0 mg/L TDZ, 2.5 mg/L IBA, and 1.5 mg/L 2-ip (No. 14 medium). Regenerated shoot buds (80%) could elongate successfully after 1-2 weeks transferred to shoot elongation medium. Conclusion Suitable factors of shoot buds regeneration for CTJ were determined. It may also make a useful reference for regeneration researches of other C. tinctorius varieties in China.
    9  Chemical Constituents in Extracts from Leaves of Lantana trifolia and Their In Vitro Anti-oxidative Activity
    Palmer Sivoko Imbenzi Yong-zhi He Zhi-xue Yan Eric Kibagendi Osoro Peter K Cheplogoi
    2014, 6(3):242-246. DOI: 10.1016/S1674-6384(14)60035-6
    [Abstract](1204) [HTML](0) [PDF 335.52 K](1823)
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    Objective To isolate, purify, and analyze the anti-oxidants from the leaves of Lantana trifolia. Methods The anti-oxidative activities of the crude extracts from liquid-liquid extraction of L. trifolia leaves were assayed by 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) method to assess their radical scavenging and reducing abilities. The total flavonoids and phenol contents in the ethyl acetate fraction were determined by colorimetric and Folin–Ciocalteu methods, respectively. Chemical constituents were isolated from the ethyl acetate fraction and repeatedly purified using silica gel, Sephadex LH-20 column chromatography, and HPLC, respectively. The chemical structures isolated were identified by spectral analysis and chemical evidence. Results Ethyl acetate partition from liquid-liquid extraction exhibited the highest anti-oxidative activity with an IC50 value of 4.94 μg/mL, close to that of the standard (vitamin C, VC, 4.23 μg/mL). The extract was proved to contain total flavonoids and phenol contents with values of (39.0 ± 1.6) and (29.27 ± 1.46) mg/g, respectively. Six compounds were isolated and identified as kaempferol-3,7-dimethyl ether (1), verbascoside (2), apigenin (3), umuhengerin (4), ladanetin (5), and scutellarein-7-O-β-D-apiofuranoside (6). Conclusion The ethyl acetate extract from the leaves of L. trifolia possesses the potent anti-oxidative and free radical scavenging activities which are directly proportional to the concentration of phenolic contents. The anti-oxidative activity of the extract from the leaves of L. trifolia is due to its proton donating ability that converts free radicals to more stable products and terminates chain reactions. Compound 1 is isolated from the plants of Lantana Linn. for the first time. The mechanisms may be related to the therapeutic benefits of the certain traditional claims of wild L. trifolia.
    10  Hepatoprotective Effects of Yintian Granule on Experimental Liver Injury in Mice
    Yan-jun Li Sheng Yang Yan-jing Zhou Fang-hong Shang Xiao-yu Xu
    2014, 6(3):247-252. DOI: 10.1016/S1674-6384(14)60036-8
    [Abstract](1060) [HTML](0) [PDF 620.00 K](1276)
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    Objective Yintian Granule (YTG), as a type of local preparation and applied for Chinese patent, is mainly composed of several traditional Chinese herbs used as both drug and food such as Lonicera macranthoides, Gardenia jasminoides, and Asparagus cochinchinenis, and has been reported to demonstrate the beneficial effects on human health in other researches. In this paper, the protective effects of YTG against experimental acute liver injury of mice were investigated to assess the value of this innovative Chinese herbal compound. Methods Carbon tetrachloride (CCl4) and 50% ethanol were used respectively to induce the acute liver injury model in mice pre- administered with YTG. Lai’s method was used to detect the level of alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and aspartate aminotransferase (AST) in serum, Coomassie brilliant blue method was used for the determination of superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity and malondialdehyde (MDA) content, and hematoxylin-eosin (HE) staining was used for the observation of liver histomorphometry. Results YTG significantly lowered the elevated ALT and AST levels, increased the SOD activity, decreased the MDA content, and inhibited the deterioration of liver. Conclusion YTG exerts protective effected against hepatocyte damage in mice induced by CCl4 and 50% ethanol, respectively.
    11  Yerba Mate or Paraguay Tea
    Viviane Linck Ivone Manzali de Sá Elaine Elisabetsky
    2014, 6(3):253-254. DOI: 10.1016/S1674-6384(14)60037-X
    [Abstract](1116) [HTML](0) [PDF 228.70 K](1774)
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