Volume 3,Issue 1,2011 Table of Contents

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  • 1  Benzylphenethylamine Alkaloids from the Bulbs and Flowers of Lycoris radiata
    WANG Huan
    2011, 3(1):0-0. DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1674-6384.2011.01.012
    [Abstract](1886) [HTML](0) [PDF 168.72 K](2678)
    Abstract:
    Objective To study the benzylphenethylamine alkaloids from the bulbs and flowers of Lycoris radiata (L′ Her.) Herb. Methods Alkaloids were isolated by various column chromatographic methods and their structures were identified by spectral data. Results Fifteen known benzylphenethylamine alkaloids were isolated and identified as lycoramine (1), O-demethyllycoramine (2), N-demethyllycoramine (3), galanthamine (4), lycorine (5), caranine (6), ungminorine (7), narciclasine (8), 5-hydroxy-10-O-demethyl-homolycorine (9), hippeastrine (10), ungerine (11), hippeastrine N-oxide (12), O-demethylhaemanthamine (13), haemanthidine (14), and 8-demethoxyhostasine (15). Conclusions Compound 15 was firstly isolated from Amaryllidaceae, compounds 3, 6, 9 and 11 were firstly reported from the genus Lycoris, and compounds 2, 7 and 14 were isolated from L. radiata for the first time, and the 13C-NMR data of compouds 3, 7 and 12 were firstly repoted in the present study. Furthermore, the galasine-type alkaloid was isolated from the genus Lycoris for the frist time.
    2  Pregnane Glycosides from Stems of Marsdenia tenacissima
    YANG Mei WANG Wen-lan WU Hao WANG Xiao-ling
    2011, 3(1):1-4. DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1674-6384.2011.01.001
    [Abstract](1587) [HTML](0) [PDF 326.49 K](3458)
    Abstract:
    Objective To study the chemical constituents from the stems of Marsdenia tenacissima. Methods The chemical constituents were isolated by various column chromatography and their structures were identified by spectral and chemical analysis. Results Two pregnane glycosides were isolated from the stems of M. tenacissima and identified as 3-O-β-D-glucopyranosyl-(1→4)-6-deoxy-3-O-methyl-β-D-allopyranosyl-(1→4)-β-D-oleandropyranosyl-11α-O- tigloyltenacigenin B, named as tenacigenoside I (1) and 3-O-β-D-glucopyranosyl-(1→4)-6-deoxy-3-O-methyl-β-D- allopyranosyl-(1→4)-β-D-oleandropyranosyl-11α,12β-di-O-acetyltenacigenin B, named as tenacigenoside K (2). Conclusion Compound 1 is a new compound, 1H-NMR and 13C-NMR data of compound 2 are reported for the first time.
    3  A New Flavonoid in Pine Needles of Cedrus deodara
    LIU Dong-yan SHI Xiao-feng WANG Dong-dong MA Qu-huan ZHANG Jun-min LI Chong
    2011, 3(1):5-6. DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1674-6384.2011.01.002
    [Abstract](2441) [HTML](0) [PDF 160.72 K](4470)
    Abstract:
    Objective To study the chemical constituents of flavonoids in pine needles of Cedrus deodara. Methods Flavonoids were isolated and purified from ethyl acetate extract of pine needles by chromatography on silica gel and Sephadex LH-20. Their structures were identified on the basis of spectroscopic analysis and chemical evidence. Results Five flavonoids were isolated and purified. Their structures were identified as cedrusone A (1), myricetin (2), 2R,3R-dihydromyricetin (3), quercetin (4), and 2R,3R-dihydroquercetin (5). Conclusion Compound 1 is a new compound. Compounds 2-5 are isolated from pine needles of this genus for the first time.
    4  A New Diol from Dimocarpus longan Seeds
    ZHENG Gong-ming XU Liang-xiong XIE Hai-hui WU Ping WEI Xiao-yi
    2011, 3(1):7-8. DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1674-6384.2011.01.003
    [Abstract](1684) [HTML](0) [PDF 152.14 K](3269)
    Abstract:
    Objective To investigate the chemical constituents of Dimocarpus longan seeds in Sapindaceae. Methods The chemical constituents were isolated from the ethanol extract of D. longan seeds by silica gel column chromatography. Their structures were identified on the basis of physical and chemical properties and spectral analysis. Results One compound was isolated and identified as 2-methyl-1,10-undecanediol, named longandiol (1). Conclusion Compound 1 is a new compound.
    5  An Overview on the Progress of Chemical Constituents and Bioactivities of Plants in Urticaceae during 2000-2010
    WANG Jian YANG Hong-xing TENG Yong-zhen YUAN Pei TIAN Rui LIAO Chun-bi
    2011, 3(1):9-16. DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1674-6384.2011.01.004
    [Abstract](2462) [HTML](0) [PDF 408.24 K](4635)
    Abstract:
    Urticaceae includes about 1300 species in 47 genera which largely spread in wet tropical regions, and 341 species in 25 genera are in China. Some species are used in Chinese folk medicine. So far, studies on chemistry and pharmacology of Urticaceous plants are mainly focused on nettle of Urtica L. In this review, the chemical researches on 35 new compounds and related pharmacological effects of the plants in Urticaceae reported during 2000-2010 are described. The 35 new compounds belong to the classes of lignan, secolignan, norlignan, flavonoid, alkaloid, sesquiterpenoid, triterpenoid, sterol, and sphingolipid. The main bioactivities include cytotoxic, antitumor, antimicrobial, antifungal, anti-BPH, anti-HIV, antidiabetic, hypolipidemic, 5α-reductase inhibitory, hair regrowth promotion, and anti-oxidative activities.
    6  Quality Control Approaches for Chinese Herbal Medicines
    YUAN Hai-long ZHANG Tian-tian XIAO Xiao-he
    2011, 3(1):17-22. DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1674-6384.2011.01.005
    [Abstract](1969) [HTML](0) [PDF 54.69 K](3850)
    Abstract:
    The current official quality control approaches meet the challenges from the complexity of herbal medicines. In fact, any herbal medicines containing numerous unknown components, its curative effect usually depends on the whole of herbal medicines, so it is impossible and unnecessary to qualitatively and quantitatively study every component. By investigating the limitations of current quality control approaches for herbal medicines and the difference and similarity in the chemical substantial style as well as quality control pattern of herbal medicines, a new quality control approach for Chinese herbal medicines should be explored and designed. The combination approach of chemical analysis with bioassay is promising to be developed and employed in order to ensure the safety and efficacy of Chinese herbal medicines.
    7  Inhibition of Sanggenon G Isolated from Morus alba on the Metastasis of Cancer Cell
    CUI Long LEE Hyun-sun OH Won-keun AHN Jong-seog
    2011, 3(1):23-26. DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1674-6384.2011.01.006
    [Abstract](1727) [HTML](0) [PDF 214.72 K](3086)
    Abstract:
    Objective An organic layer prepared from the cortex of Morus alba (Moraceae) was studied in order to identify the active compounds for heparinase. Methods Bioassay-guided fractionation resulted in the isolation of sanggenon G. Results The compound showed inhibitory activity with IC50 of 3.7 μmol/L on heparinase in vitro as well as 24 μmol/L in invasion assay using MDA-MB231 cells. Sanggenon G also had the moderate cytotoxicity at SW 620 (colon) and ACHN (kidney) cancer cell lines with IC50 of 10.96 and 13.44 μmol/L, respectively. Conclusion This is the first time that prenylated flavonoid sanggenon G is described as heparinase inhibitor. Besides, this flavonoid would be expected to be a metastasis inhibitor of cancer cells and also a valuable reagent to explore the mechanism of heparinase/heparanase-mediated metastasis.
    8  Antibacterial Mechanisms of Berberine and Reasons for Little Resistance of Bacteria
    JIN Jian-ling HUA Guo-qiang MENG Zhen GAO Pei-ji
    2011, 3(1):27-35. DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1674-6384.2011.01.007
    [Abstract](4209) [HTML](0) [PDF 234.17 K](7394)
    Abstract:
    Objective To study the antibacterial mechanisms of berberine and try to understand the reasons why bacteria cells difficultly resisted to it. Methods Detecting the minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) of bacterial cultures incubated under sub-MIC concentration of berberine, Huanglian, and Neomycin for more than 200 generations, in order to analyze the bacteria resistance. Detecting the binding kinetics of berberine to DNA, RNA, and proteins. Observing the changes in bacterial cell surface structure with scanning electron microscopy. Detecting the Ca2+ and K+ released from berberine-treated bacterial cells with atomic absorption spectrum. Detection the absorption of methyl-3H-thymine (3H-dT), 3H-uridine (3H-U), and 3H-tyrosine (3H-Tyr) into berberine-treated bacterial cells. Results MICs of bacterial cultures, growing more than 200 generations in MH medium with 1/2 MIC of berberine (BA200) or Huanglian (HA200), did not increase compared to the control, while remarkably increased in MH medium with 1/2 MIC of Neomycin (NA200). In addition, from the culture NA200 it was easy to isolate resistant mutant strains which could grow in MH medium with more than four times MIC Neomycin, but from the culture BA200 and HA200 it was difficult to isolate berberine or Huanglian mutant strains could grow in MH medium with more than four times MIC berberine or Huanglian. The binding kinetics of berberine to DNA, RNA, and proteins illustrated that berberine could easily and tightly bind to DNA and RNA, and hardly dis-bind from DNA- and RNA-berberine complexes. Berberine could easily bind to protein too, but also easily dis-bind from berberine-protein complex. The bacterial cells treated with berberine sharply decreased the absorption of 3H-dT, 3H-U, and 3H-Tyr, as the radioactive precursors of DNA, RNA, and protein biosynthesis. Berberine could damage bacterial cell surface structure, especially for Gram-negative bacteria. Ca2+ and K+ released from berberine-treated cells increased significantly compared to the control. Conclusion All of above results indicate that bacterial cells could not easily become resistant mutants to berberine. The mechanisms for the bactericidal effect of berberine include: inhibiting DNA duplication, RNA transcription, and protein biosynthesis; influencing or inhibiting enzyme activities; destructing the bacterial cell surface structure and resulting in Ca2+ and K+ released from cells. All of the berberine bactericidal mechanisms are the most essential physiological functions for a live cell, if influenced any one such function, the mutation would be lethal mutation, so that it is difficult to get berberine resistant cells. The results in this paper also prefigure that berberine and its related Chinese medicines would provide a feasible way to control antibiotic resistance problem.
    9  Antitumor Activity of Dichloromethane Extract from Salvia plebeia and Induction of Apoptosis on K562 Cells
    REN Jie PAN Sha-sha LU Xu-zhang ZHOU Min HU Kun
    2011, 3(1):36-40. DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1674-6384.2011.01.008
    [Abstract](2253) [HTML](0) [PDF 418.81 K](3799)
    Abstract:
    Objective To study the antitumor activity of extract from Salvia plebeia and investigate whether the extract induce apoptosis of K562 cells. Methods The aqueous, petroleum ether, dichloromethane (CH2Cl2), ethyl acetate, and butanol extracts were prepared from the aerial parts of S. plebeia. Taking fluorouracil as reference, the cytotoxic activities of these extracts on HeLa, A549, SGC-7901, HCT-116, K562, LoVo, DU-145, and HepG2 cells were evaluated. To clarify the apoptosis of K562 cells induced by CH2Cl2 extract, the methods of Hoechst 33258 staining, flow cytometry assay, and DNA ladder assay were investigated. Results The CH2Cl2 extract showed the most potent cytotoxic effect against K562 cells, with an IC50 < 15 μg/mL for 3 d treatment. The characteristic apoptotic symptoms such as DNA fragmentation and chromatin condensation were also observed in the K562 cells. Conclusion The CH2Cl2 extract from S. plebeia may inhibit the cancer cell proliferation by inducing cell apoptosis.
    10  Induction of Angiogenesis and Neurogenesis by Serum from Rats Treated with Shunaoxin Dropping Pills
    ZHUANG Peng-wei JIANG Yong-bo ZHANG Yan-jun CUI Guang-zhi TONG Yong-ling YANG Xiao-hong JIANG Zhen LIU Li-hua
    2011, 3(1):41-46. DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1674-6384.2011.01.009
    [Abstract](2346) [HTML](0) [PDF 854.82 K](3750)
    Abstract:
    Objective Shunaoxin Dropping Pills (SDPs), a Chinese patent medicine, has been used widely in China for the treatment of headache, amnesia, and insomnia. The aim of the present study is to observe the effect of SDPs on inducing angiogenesis and neurogenesis in vitro. Methods The present testing system using the serum obtained from animals ig treated with SDPs and a co-culture system in vitro was used to investigate if SDPs promotes brain microvascular endothelial cells (BMECs) tube formation and neural differentiation of neural stem/progenitor cells (NSPCs), which plays important roles in angiogenesis and neurogenesis. Results The SDPs serum sampled from rats ig treated with SDPs for 3 d dose-dependently promoted the tube like structure formation of cultured BMECs, and enhanced the fraction of MAP-2 positive cells of NSPCs, which co-cultured with the BMECs and astrocyte. In addition, there was no significant change in the percentage of glial fibrillary acidic protein positive cells. Conclusion Our results show that SDPs serum can induce neural differentiation and BMECs tube formation in vitro.
    11  Anti-diabetic Activity of Zhenqing Recipe and Ligustri Lucidi Fructus in Type 2 Diabetic Rats
    WEN Xiu-ying XU Wen-guang XIONG Ling XU Ming-wang LIU Hao ZHANG Hong LUO Qiong NIAO Qiu-hong LIU Li-fang
    2011, 3(1):47-53. DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1674-6384.2011.01.010
    [Abstract](1195) [HTML](0) [PDF 407.29 K](2730)
    Abstract:
    Objective To investigate the influence of Zhenqing Recipe (ZQR) and Ligustri Lucidi Fructus (LLF) on diabetic rats and its possible mechanism. Methods The model of type 2 diabetic rats was established by feeding a high-sucrose-high-fat diet and injecting a low dose of Streptozotocin in Wistar rats. The model rats were randomly divided into three groups: diabetic model, ZQR-treated, and LLF-treated groups for 8-weeks treatment. The normal Wistar rats were as a normal control group. Results The level of fasting blood glucose in ZQR and LLF groups was decreased compared with model group (P < 0.01, 0.05, respectively). Both ZQR and LLF markedly reduced serum triglycerides (P < 0.01, 0.05, respectively), and increased the insulin sensitivity index (P < 0.05). Histopathology revealed that ZQR and LLF reduced pancreatic damage. Immunohistochemistry evaluation showed that the percentage of insulin positive cells in pancreatic island was higher than model group (P < 0.01, 0.05, respectively).The mRNA and protein expression of SREBP-1c in pancreas were significantly decreased in ZQR and FLL group (P < 0.01). Conclusion ZQR has therapeutic effect on type 2 diabetes, it ameliorates the histopathological changes of pancreas, protects β cells, improves insulin resistance, and attenuates the expression of SREBP-1c. This study also provides the anti-diabetic evidence of FLL even its effects are weaker than ZQR.
    12  Protection of Astragaloside Derivate on Oxidative Stress and Hypertrophy in Cardiomyocytes
    HAO Chun-hua WANG Wei-ting ZHAO Zhuan-you TANG Li-da
    2011, 3(1):54-59. DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1674-6384.2011.01.011
    [Abstract](1306) [HTML](0) [PDF 189.61 K](3079)
    Abstract:
    Objective The astragaloside IV (ASI) has been proved to play an important role in protecting against cell death on cardiovascular diseases. This study aims to investigate the effect of the astragaloside derivate (ASId) on confronting oxidative stress and hypertrophy in myocardial cells. Methods Following exposure embryonic rat cardiac H9c2 cells to hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) and angiotensin II for developing oxidative stress and hypertrophy, ASId at final concentrations (0.1, 1, and 10 μmol/L) was added to study its role in protecting cardiomyocytes by biochemical detection and cell size measurement. In addition, the mitochondrial permeability transition pore (mPTP) opener atractyloside (20 μmol/L) and inhibitor cyclosporin A (CSA) (1 μmol/L) were employed to investigate the possible mechanisms for anti-oxidation. Results ASId at 1 and 10 μmol/L in cultures suppressed oxidative stress at different degrees, which induced the decrease in LDH activity and MDA content, and also the increase in SOD activity in comparable with the model group; The mPTP opener atractyloside and inhibitor CSA weakened and strengthened the role of ASId, respectively. ASId at 10 μmol/L inhibited cell hypertrophy, and the cell diameter, surface area, and protein content were all decreased in comparable of those cells in model group. Conclusion ASId is involved in the cytoprotective effects on oxidative stress through a pathway mediated by mPTP, and also has a protective effect against hypertrophy.
    13  A New Alkaloid from Bombycis Feculae and Its α-Glucosidase Inhibitory Activity
    ZHU Yuan-yuan WANG Zhi-hong QI Hui BAI Gang
    2011, 3(1):64-65. DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1674-6384.2011.01.013
    [Abstract](1321) [HTML](0) [PDF 204.26 K](2343)
    Abstract:
    Objective To study the chemical constituents of Bombycis Feculae. Methods Chemical constituents were isolated by HPLC-ELSD. The structures of the isolated compounds were determined by spectral means. Results Two compounds were isolated and identified as 1-deoxynojirimycin (1) and (2R,3R,5R)-2-(hydroxymethyl) piperidine-3,5-diol, named as 1,3-dideoxygalatonojirimycin (2). Conclusion Compound 2 is a new alkaloid. The extract of Bombycis Feculae, compound 1 and compound 2 show inhibitory activities against α-glucosidase.
    14  Simultaneous Determination of Multiple Bioactive Constituents in Total Alkaloid of Sophora alopecuroides by HPLC-DAD
    ZHAO Wen-chang SONG Li-jun
    2011, 3(1):66-69. DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1674-6384.2011.01.014
    [Abstract](1264) [HTML](0) [PDF 134.58 K](3121)
    Abstract:
    Objective To develop a qualitative and quantitative simultaneous determination of multiple bioactive constituents in total alkaloid in Sophora alopecuroides (TASA). Methods In the experiment, a new and simple HPLC-DAD method for the simultaneous determination of multiple constituents in TASA was developed. The separation was performed on a Kromasil C18 column (250 mm × 4.6 mm, 5.0 μm) eluted with 0.02 mol/L potassium dihydrogen phosphate (adjusted pH 4.3 using 1% glacial acetic acid) and acetonitrile (75 : 25) at a flow-rate of 0.7 mL/min. The detection wavelength was set at 210 nm. Results Five constituents (sophoridine, matrine, oxymatrine, aloperine, and lehmannine) were simultaneously analyzed in this study. Four of them were identified and determinated by the developed method. The calibration curves exhibited linear regressions (r2 > 0.9995). The injection precision, the intra-day precision, and the analysis repeatability were validated with the RSD values less than 5.0%. The mean recoveries of the four constituents were ranged from 98.62% to 100.20%, and the RSD values were all less than 3.37%. Conclusion This method is convenient, fast, accurate, and is applicable to analyze the multi-constituents in TASA.
    15  Simultaneous Determination of Four Major Steroidal Saponins in Seven Species of Dioscorea L. by HPLC-ELSD
    SHEN Zhi ZHANG Wen-ting ZHAO Wei-liang HUANG Wei
    2011, 3(1):70-74. DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1674-6384.年份.期.第几篇文章
    [Abstract](1581) [HTML](0) [PDF 160.42 K](3543)
    Abstract:
    Objective To control the quality of the species in Dioscorea L. better. Methods An HPLC-ELSD method was developed for the first time to simultaneously determine four bioactive ingredients: dioscin, gracillin, protoneodioscin, and protoneogracillin in 31 samples belonging to seven species of Dioscorea L. from different areas. The column was an Inertsil HILIC (250 mm × 4.6 mm, 5 μm). The separation was carried out with a gradient program. The mobile phase was acetonitrile-water at a flow rate of 0.8 mL/min. Results The standard curve was rectilinear in the range of 0.464-12.97 μg (r = 0.9969) for dioscin, 0.310-7.09 μg (r = 0.9953) for gracillin, 0.469-11.66 μg (r = 0.9970) for protoneodioscin, and 0.276-6.87 μg (r = 0.9992) for protoneogracillin. The recoveries of the markers were 98.1%, 100.1%, 97.2%, and 96.4%, respectively. The contents of the four components were quite different among the seven species of Dioscorea L. Conclusion The proposed HPLC-ELSD method is convenient, fast, accurate, and applicable for simultaneous analysis of multiple bioactive components of species in Dioscorea L. for quality control, which could facilitate discovering new natural resources of steroidal saponin.
    16  Smashing Tissue Extraction and GC Analysis of Active Fatty Acids from Oil Cake of Perilla Seeds
    SUN Yan-ling LIU Yan-ze XIAO Han WEI Ying-feng ZHAO Yu-qing
    2011, 3(1):75-78. DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1674-6384.2011.01.016
    [Abstract](2184) [HTML](0) [PDF 175.58 K](3559)
    Abstract:
    Objective To optimize the extraction technology of perilla seeds oil from the oil cake of perilla seeds (OCPS) by using the contents of active fatty acids as evaluation standard. Methods The fatty acids were extracted from OCPS, the residue of perilla seeds after cold-press, by smashing tissue extraction (STE), the new technology selected through comparing with classical leaching extraction (LE), Soxhlet extraction (SE), ultrasonic extraction (UE), and supercritical-CO2 fluid extraction (SFE). For optimized condition of STE, orthogonal test was designed and completed. The contents of five fatty acids in extracted oil and OCPS were determined by GC. Results The optimized extraction parameters were smashing for 1.5 min under extraction power of 150 W and 1:6 of the material/solvent ratio. The contents of five fatty acids in the oils extracted by five techniques from OCPS and determined by GC were as follows: α-linolenic acid (41.12%-51.81%), linoleic acid (15.38%-16.43%), oleic acid (18.93%-27.28%), stearic acid (2.56%-4.01%), and palmitic acid (7.38%-10.77%). Conclusion The results show that STE is the most efficient technology with the highest yield (LE: 0.57%; SE: 1.03%; UE: 0.61%; SFE: 0.80%; STE: 1.17%) and shortest time (LE: 720 min; SE: 360 min; UE: 30 min; SFE: 120 min; STE: 1.5 min) among five tested extraction technologies. It is first reported using STE to extract herbal oil enriched with active fatty acids.

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