Volume 2,Issue 4,2010 Table of Contents

1 A New Compound with Anti-oxidative Activity from Seeds of Jatropha curcas

LI Ling , WANG Xin-luan , LI Xiao-fan , WANG Nai-li

2010, 2(4):245-247. DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1674-6384.2010.04.001

[Abstract](1905) [HTML](0) [PDF 161.57 K](3382)

Abstract:
Objective To search for chemical constituents with anti-oxidative activities from seeds of Jatropha curcas. Methods DPPH radical scavenging assay was used to screen fractions or constituents with anti-oxidative activities. Active fractions were separated by varied chromatography and then identified on the basis of physiochemical properties and spectroscopic methods. Results The n-butanol layer of ethanol extract from the seeds of J. curcas showed stronger activity than other fractions and was studied further. A new compound was isolated from this active layer, and its structure was identified as jatrophasin A (3,4,4′,5′-tetrahydroxyl-3′-methoxyl-bisepoxylignan) (1). It showed stronger anti-oxidative activity compared with resveratrol. Conclusion Compound 1 is a new compound which has never been reported with strong anti-oxidative activity.

2 A New Caffeate from the aerial parts of Anabasis aphylla

LI Wei-lin , WANG Hong-qing , GONG Ting , CHEN Ruo-yun

2010, 2(4):248-249. DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1674-6384.2010.04.002

[Abstract](1356) [HTML](0) [PDF 138.90 K](3230)

Abstract:
Objective To study the chemical constituents from the aerial parts of Anabasis aphylla. Methods The chemical constituents were isolated and purified by silica gel column and Sephadex LH-20. Spectroscopic methods such as MS and NMR spectra were used for the structural identification. Results A new caffeate ester, named eicosyl-(Z)-caffeate (1), along with fourteen known compounds was isolated from the EtOAc part. Conclusion Compound 1 is a new compound and compounds 2?13 are isolated from the plants of Anabasis L. for the first time.

3 Authentication of Medicinal Plants by DNA Based Markers and Genomics

HAO Da-cheng , CHEN Shi-lin , XIAO Pei-gen , PENG Yong

2010, 2(4):250-261. DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1674-6384.2010.04.003

[Abstract](3316) [HTML](0) [PDF 401.07 K](9671)

Abstract:
For the protection of consumers and developments of relevant industry, authentication of medicinal plants is a critical issue. This review covers various aspects of authentication methods and techniques based on molecular biology and genomics with special emphasis on molecular biology techniques including genome-based authentication, microchip-based authentication, DNA barcoding, and their applications.

4 The Genus Gentianella Moench: A Phytochemical and Ethno- pharmacological Review

LI Min-hui , LI Li , YANG Yu-mei , ZHANG Na , SONG Xiao-ling , XIAO Pei-gen

2010, 2(4):262-271. DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1674-6384.2010.04.004

[Abstract](2076) [HTML](0) [PDF 168.22 K](4683)

Abstract:
The plants in genus Gentianella Moench (Gentianaceae) which comprised approximately 250 species, are mainly distributed in temperate regions of the world. Many Gentianella plants are intensely bitter and employed in traditional medicine to stimulate appetite, treat disorders of the gallbladder, and treat fever like the other bitter gentians in various regions of the world. Some species exhibit other remarkable therapeutic effects in the treatments of obesity, diabetes, and heart diseases. Eleven iridoids, twenty-eight xanthones, three C-glucoflavonoids, and eight other compounds have been isolated from the genus. Most of these compounds are associated with antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory, anti-oxidant, hypoglycemic, and antitumor activities, which provide an empirical base for the traditional utilization of the plants in genus Gentinella Moench.

5 New Collection of Crude Drugs in Chinese Pharmacopoeia 2010 I. Callicarpa Linn. and Related Items

DAN Yang , QIAN Zhong-zhi , LIU Yan-ze , ZHOU Guo-ping , PENG Yong , XIAO Pei-gen

2010, 2(4):272-288. DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1674-6384.2010.04.005

[Abstract](3934) [HTML](0) [PDF 307.65 K](11329)

Abstract:
Callicarpa Linn. (beautyberry) is one of the major genera in Verbenaceous, about 20 of which are medicinal plants. Beautyberry, called Zizhu in China, is a generic name of those species and largely used as hemostatic medicine. The Chinese Pharmacopoeia 2010 has admitted three new crude drugs from the genus of Callicarpa Linn. including Callicarpae Macrophyllae Folium, Callicarpae Caulis et Folium, and Callicarpae Formosanae Folium for the first time since the 1977 version of the Chinese Pharmacopoeia. In order to better understand these new crude drugs, we systematically described their bibliography, admission reasons, botanical identification, chemistry, and pharmacology. Several other species, out of national regulations but intensively studied and widely used, are also covered in this review.

6 A Specific and Sensitive LC-MS/MS Method for Simultaneous Determination of Four Major Active Catechins of Tea Polyphenols in Rat Plasma and Its Application to Pharmacokinetic Study

WANG Chang-yuan , LI Qiu-sha , HAN Guo-zhu , ZOU Ling-li , LV Li , ZHOU Qin , LI Nan

2010, 2(4):289-296. DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1674-6384.2010.04.006

[Abstract](3143) [HTML](0) [PDF 528.78 K](5980)

Abstract:
Objective To develop a liquid chromatography technique coupled with tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) for simultaneous determination of four active catechins EGCG, ECG, EGC, and EC of tea polyphenols (TP) in rat plasma in order to further study its multi-component pharmacokinetics. Methods Following a single step liquid-liquid extraction of plasma samples with ethyl acetate, the four catechins were separated on a Hypersil ODS C18 column using an isocratic mobile phase composed of methanol-water (30︰70). The detection using a mass spectrometer was performed under negative ESI in the MRM mode. The analytes were identified by reference to both MRM and tR values and quantified using peak area internal standard method. Results The method was shown to be specific without interference from matrix, metabolites, and impurities present in TP raw material and to be sensitive with LOD and LOQ of 1.5 and 10 ng/mL (EGCG) as well as 0.75 and 5 ng/mL (ECG, EGC, and EC). A good linearity was obtained over a wide range of 10-10 000 ng/mL for EGCG and 5-5000 ng/mL for other three catechins (r > 0.996). The method was validated to be reproducible and reliable, as evidenced by intra-batch and inter-batch precision of less than 10% and 11%, accuracy of 97.13%-106.05% and 99.22%-103.14%, respectively. The recovery of extraction ranged from 72.74% to 89.13%, matrix effect from 88.76% to 105.97% for four catechins. The method was successfully used to study the pharmacokinetics of TP iv administered to rats at a dose of 100 mg/kg. Conclusion This method is shown to completely meet requirements for the multi-component pharmacokinetic study of TP in rats.

7 The Anti-inflammatory Effects of Components in Shuxiong Tablet and Its Possible Formulary Rationality

WEI Wei , XIE Sheng-rong , FU Ji-hua , LIU Wen , QI Jian-ping , PING Qi-neng

2010, 2(4):297-304. DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1674-6384.2010.04.007

[Abstract](1704) [HTML](0) [PDF 359.47 K](2353)

Abstract:
Objective To determine whether the anti-inflammatory properties of Shuxiong Tablet (SXT) and the effective components group of SXT (ECGS) are equivalent and to assess the formulary rationality. Methods ECGS consisted of Panax notoginsen saponion (PNS), hydroxysafflor yellow A, and ferulic acid plus volatile oil of Ligusticum chuanxiong, which was based on the active ingredients and their ratios in SXT. We compared the anti-inflammatory actions of ECGS and SXT using the xylene-induced edema model and the carrageenan-induced edema model, as well as the analgesic activity of them using the acetic acid-induced writhing model. Moreover, cultured macrophages were incubated with media containing serum isolated from SXT-, ECGS-, or every component of ECGS-treated rats, to compare the depress effects on lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated NO production and inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) expression. Results ECGS and SXT had equivalent anti-inflammatory actions and analgesic effects at an equipotent dosage in a dose-dependent manner. The drug-containing media could inhibit the LPS-stimulated NO production and iNOS expression in cultured macrophages. A 2×2×2 ANOVA revealed that three effective components could produce synergistic effect on the inhibition of NO production, and PNS was the capital component. Conclusion ECGS and SXT display an equivalent anti-inflammatory effect, and the formula follows traditional Chinese medicine compatibility principle, which shows obvious formulary rationality.

8 Morphological and Chemical Variation of Prunella vulgaris Populations from Different Locations in China

LIAO Li , LIU Li , GUO Qiao-sheng , WANG Zhi-yong , CHEN Yu-hang

2010, 2(4):305-311. DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1674-6384.2010.04.008

[Abstract](1753) [HTML](0) [PDF 179.48 K](3400)

Abstract:
Objective To investigate the variation of chemical characteristics with environment and establish a relationship between morphological characters and chemical composition of Prunella vulgaris collected in different areas of China. Methods Twelve phenotypic traits and three chemical compositions were assessed in 28 populations of P. vulgaris collected from different locations in China. Results The variability ranges observed at phenotypic and chemical levels were polymorphic. According to the morphological traits, 28 populations of P. vulgaris could be grouped into six clusters, and two morpho-types could be clearly distinguished. Perceptible differences could be discerned in the plant height, leaf length, corolla length, calyx length, fruiting spikes length, and maturity period. Based on three kinds of components including ursolic acid, total flavonoids, and total polysaccharides, all populations could be identified as four types. Cluster IV showing high content of ursolic acid, total flavonoids, and total polysaccharides could be utilized to develop superior derivatives. Conclusion The variation of chemical characteristics is influenced by the genetic and environmental factors, such as soils, climates, longitudes, and altitudes. It provides a solid basis for efficiently evaluating qualities and establishing good agricultural practices for P. vulgaris.

9 Control of Stem Blight of Schizonepeta tenuifolia Caused by Phytophthora nicotianae Using Trichoderma spp.

LI Yong , DING Wan-long

2010, 2(4):312-316. DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1674-6384.2010.04.009

[Abstract](2341) [HTML](0) [PDF 278.54 K](4594)

Abstract:
Objective To control stem blight disease of Schizonepeta tenuifolia caused by Phytophthora nicotianae. Methods The antagonist effect of 13 Trichoderma strains (including T. viride and T. harzianum) was evaluated upon mycelia growth of P. nicotianae. Trichoderma strains with high antagonistic activities against the pathogen were used to control stem blight of S. tenuifolia in the field. Results Of 13 Trichoderma strains tested, T. viride strain M3 showed maximum mycelia growth inhibition (83.2%) to the pathogen, followed by T. viride strain Tv04-2 (78.2%) and then T. harzianum strain ThB (65.0%), in vitro. Fungal cell wall degrading enzymes, protease, and β-1,3-glucanase were analyzed qualitatively and quantitatively in further study. T. viride strains M3, Tv04-2, and T. harzianum strain ThB efficiently against P. nicotianae were used to control stem blight of S. tenuifolia in the field, and T. viride strain M3 showed the best biocontrol potential. Conclusion Trichoderma spp. can be used as alternatives of pesticides to control stem blight, one of the serious soilborne diseases of S. tenuifolia caused by P. nicotianae. However, though T. viride strains Tv04-2 and T. harzianum strain ThB are also highly against P. nicotianae in vitro, the controlling efficacy of them on stem blight disease is not as excellent as T. viride strains M3 in the field.

10 A New Triterpene Saponin from Gynostemma pentaphyllum

SHI Lin , CAO Jia-qing , ZHAO Hong , ZHAO Yu-qing

2010, 2(4):317-320. DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1674-6384.2010.04.010

[Abstract](1616) [HTML](0) [PDF 180.69 K](3206)

Abstract:
Objective To study the triterpene saponins from Gynostemma pentaphyllum with antitumor activities. Methods The 75% EtOH extract of G. pentaphyllum was used for isolation by silica gel column chromatography and preparative HPLC. The structures of pure compounds isolated were identified by the spectral analysis and chemical evidence. Results Two compounds were isolated and identified as 23(S)-3β,20ξ,21ξ-trihydroxy-19-oxo-21,23- epoxydammar-24-ene 3-O-α-L-rhamnopyranosyl (1→2)-[β-D-xylopyranosyl (1→3)]-β-D-arabinopyranoside (1) and 23(S)-21(R)-O-n-butyl-3β,20ξ-dihydroxy-21,23-epoxydammar-24-ene 3-O-α-L-rhamnopyranosyl (1→2)-[β-D- xylopyranosyl(1→3)]-β-D-arabinopyranoside (2). Conclusion Compound 2 is a new triterpene saponin with moderate antitumor activities against the HL-60, Colon205, and Du145 cell lines.

11 Optimization of Microwave-assisted Extraction of Polyphenols from Enteromorpha prolifra by Orthogonal Test

LUO Hong-yu , WANG Bin , YU Chun-guang , XU Yin-feng

2010, 2(4):321-325. DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1674-6384.2010.04.011

[Abstract](2566) [HTML](0) [PDF 181.31 K](4835)

Abstract:
Objective To optimize microwave-assisted extraction of polyphenols from Enteromorpha prolifra. Methods Based on single-factor tests, an efficient microwave-assisted extraction (MAE) technique was developed to extract bioactive polyphenols from E. prolifra through orthogonal (L16(4)5) test. Results The highest yield (0.923 ± 0.013) mg/g was obtained when microwave power, solvent to raw material ratio, irradiation time, ethanol concentration, and extraction cycles were 500 W, 25 mL/g, 25 min, 40%, and 3, respectively, which was higher than that of Soxhlet extraction with methanol for 6 h, ultrasound-assisted extraction with 40% ethanol for 1 h twice and heat reflux extraction with 40% ethanol for 2 h twice. Conclusion This finding indicates that MAE is a superior technique for the extraction of polyphenols due to less impurity, higher time efficiency and yield.

Volume 2,Issue 4,2010 Table of Contents

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