目的 比较分析云南不同产区根茎类药用植物三年生三七Panax notoginseng的品质，并为高海拔产区三七的质量评价提供科学依据。方法 通过测定比较分析云南9个产区（红河建水、保山施甸、玉溪红塔、版纳勐海、文山砚山、楚雄禄丰、曲靖沾益、昆明寻甸、大理宾川，海拔跨度1 475～2 615 m）三年生三七的农药残留、重金属含量、灰分含量、浸出物含量、皂苷含量等指标，并进行综合评价。结果 所有产区三七中均未检测出《中国药典》2020年版规定的33项农药残留物，三七在部分中海拔产区（版纳勐海、保山施甸）中检测出苯醚甲环唑、腈菌唑、肟菌酯、戊唑醇、烯唑醇等农药残留，但未超过《GB 23200.113-2018食品安全国家标准》规定的限定量。所有产区三七重金属（镉、汞、铅、铜、砷）含量都远低于《中国药典》2020年版规定的限定量，且楚雄禄丰、曲靖沾益、大理宾川等高海拔产区三七中镉和铅含量较低。所有产区三七灰分含量都低于《中国药典》2020年规定的6%，且产区海拔与三七灰分含量呈正相关。所有产区三七浸出物含量都超过《中国药典》2020年版规定的16%，其中传统道地产区（文山）三七浸出物含量最高，中海拔产区（玉溪红塔、版纳勐海）三七浸出物含量最低。楚雄禄丰、曲靖沾益、昆明寻甸等高海拔产区的三七单体皂苷及总皂苷含量显著高于红河建水、保山施甸、玉溪红塔和版纳勐海等中海拔产区，所有产区三七中三七皂苷R₁＋人参皂苷Rg₁＋人参皂苷Rb₁皂苷含量均高于《中国药典》2020年版规定的5%，且高海拔产区三七高于中海拔产区三七。结论 高海拔产区三七的农药残留量低，灰分与浸出物含量高，有效成分皂苷的积累高，因此高海拔种植三七有利于提高药材品质。

Objective To conduct a comparative analysis of the quality of three-year-old Panax notoginseng from different producing areas in Yunnan province, and to provide a scientific basis for quality evaluation of P.notoginseng grown in high-altitude areas.Methods This study conducts a comprehensive evaluation by measuring and analyzing pesticide residues, heavy metal contents, ash contents, leachate contents and saponin contents of three-year-old P. notoginseng from nine producing areas in Yunnan province (Jianshui of Honghe, Shidian of Baoshan, Hongta of Yuxi, Menghai of Banna, Yanshan in Wenshan, Lufeng in Chuxiong, Zhanyi in Qujing, Xundian in Kunming and Binchuan in Dali), with the altitudes spanning from 1 475 m to 2 615 m.Results None of the 33 pesticide residues specified in the Pharmacopoeia of the People's Republic of China (2020 Edition, ChP) were detected in P. notoginseng from all producing areas. However, pesticide residues such as difenoconazole, myclobutanil, enestrobur, mesotrione, diniconazole and other pesticides were detected in medium-altitude regions like Menghai of Banna and Shidian of Baoshan, but the levels did not exceed limits specified inGB 23200.113-2018 National Food Safety Standard. The contents of heavy metals (cadmium, mercury, lead, copper and arsenic) in P. notoginseng from all producing areas were far below the limits specified by ChP, and the contents of cadmium and lead in P. notoginseng in the high-altitude producing areas of Lufeng of Chuxiong, Zhanyi of Qujing and Binchuan of Dali were relatively lower. The ash content in P. notoginseng from all producing areas was below the 6% limit specified by ChP, which there was a positive correlation between the altitude of production areas and the ash content of P. notoginseng. The leachate content of P. notoginseng from all production areas exceeded the 16% stipulated in ChP, the highest leachate content was found in the traditional genuine producing area (Wenshan), while the lowest was in the medium-altitude production areas (Hongta of Yuxi and Menghai of Banna). The contents of monomer saponin and total saponins in P. notoginseng from the high-altitude producing areas like Lufeng of Chuxiong, Zhanyi of Qujing, and Xundian of Kunming were significantly higher than from the medium-altitude producing areas like Jianshui of Honghe, Shidian of Baoshan, Hongta of Yuxi, and Menghai of Banna. the percentage of notoginsenoside R₁, ginsenoside Rg₁ and ginsenoside Rb₁in P. notoginseng from all producing areas was higher than 5% as specified in the ChP, with that from high-altitude areas being higher than that from medium-altitude areas.Conclusion P. notoginseng in high-altitude production areas has low pesticide residue, high ash and leachate content, and high accumulation of the active ingredient saponin . Therefore, cultivating P. notoginseng at high altitudes is conducive to improving the quality of the medicinal herbs.

R286.2

云南省科技重大专项项目（202102AA310048）；国家重点研发计划项目（2021YFD1601003）；国家自然科学基金资助项目（81860676，32160105）