目的 探究生白术Atractylodes Macrocephala与炒白术对功能性便秘（functional constipation，FC）大鼠肠道菌群的影响及作用机制。方法 雄性SD大鼠随机分为对照组、模型组、莫沙比利（1.5 mg/kg）组及生白术高、中、低剂量（9、3、1 g/kg）组和炒白术高、中、低剂量（9、3、1 g/kg）组，每组8只。采用复方地芬诺酯诱导大鼠FC模型，给予药物干预14 d后，测定大鼠首粒黑便排出时间和粪便含水量；采用苏木素-伊红（HE）染色考察结肠组织病理变化；ELISA检测结肠组织中5-羟色胺（5-hydroxytryptamine，5-HT）、P物质（substance P，SP）和血管活性肠肽（vasoactive intestinal peptide，VIP）水平；通过16S rRNA基因测序对大鼠肠道菌群进行分析。结果 与生白术水煎液相比，炒白术水煎液中白术内酯I、白术内酯II含量升高，白术内酯III、苍术酮含量降低。与模型组比较，生白术和炒白术能显著恢复大鼠首粒黑便排出时间、粪便含水量和小肠推进率等关键排泄参数（P＜0.05、0.01），提高结肠组织中SP、VIP和5-HT水平（P＜0.01），改善结肠组织黏膜损伤，且生白术治疗效果略优于炒白术。16S rRNA基因测序结果显示，生白术和炒白术能够改变肠道微生物群落结构，升高拟杆菌门（Bacteroidota）相对丰度（P＜0.05、0.01），降低厚壁菌门（Firmicutes）相对丰度（P＜0.01）。结论 生白术和炒白术可能通过促进SP、VIP、和5-HT分泌并调节拟杆菌门、厚壁菌门丰度，改善肠道炎症，从而治疗FC。

Objective To explore the effectand mechanism of raw Atractylodes macrocephala (RAM) and fried A. macrocephala (FAM) on gut microbiota in functional constipation (FC) rats.Methods Male SD rats were randomly divided into control group model group, mosapride (1.5 mg/kg) group, high-, medium-, low-dose (9, 3, 1 g/kg) groups of RAM and FAM, with eight rats in each group. FC model was induced in rats using compound diphenoxylate, and after 14 d of drug intervention, first black stool excretion time and fecal water content were measured. Hematoxylin-eosin (HE) staining was used to investigate pathological changes in colon tissue. ELISA was used to detect the levels of 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT), substance P (SP) and vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP) in colon tissue. Gut microbiota of rats was analyzed through 16S rRNA gene sequencing.Results Compared with decoction of RAM, the contents of atractylenolide I and atractylenolide II in decoction of FAM were increased, while the contents of atractylenolide III and atractylon were decreased. Compared with model group, RAM and FAM could significantly restore key excretion parameters such as first black stool excretion time, fecal water content and small intestine propulsion rate in rats (P < 0.05, 0.01), increase the levels of SP, VIP and 5-HT in colon tissue (P < 0.01), improve colonic mucosal damage, and the therapeutic effect of RAM was slightly better than that of FAM. 16S rRNA gene sequencing results showed that RAM and FAM could alter the structure of gut microbiota, increase the relative abundance of Bacteroidota (P < 0.05, 0.01), and decrease the relative abundance of Firmicutes (P < 0.01).Conclusion RAM and FAM may improve intestinal inflammation by promoting the secretion of SP, VIP, 5-HT and regulating the abundance of Bacteroidetes and Firmicutes, thereby treating FC.

R285.5

浙江省基础公益研究计划项目（LY19H280004）