目的 借助超高效液相色谱-四级杆-静电场轨道阱高分辨质谱（UHPLC-Q-Orbitrap HRMS）技术分析鉴定柴胡清肝汤（Chaihu Qinggan Decoction，CHQGD）的化学成分及其小鼠ig后体内分布。方法 采用ACQUITY UPLC BEH C₁₈色谱柱（100 mm×2.1 mm，1.7μm），以0.1%甲酸水溶液（A）-甲醇（B）为流动相体系，梯度洗脱。质谱采用正、负离子一级全扫描/数据依赖二级扫描模式（Full MS/dd-MS²）采集数据，综合离子峰相对保留时间、一级离子碎片信息，经Xcalibur 4.2软件拟合组成元素。通过对照品、文献以及数据库提供的二级碎片离子信息比对，实现对柴胡清肝汤化学成分及入血、组织原型成分的鉴定。结果 从柴胡清肝汤中共鉴定出187种化学成分，包括黄酮类59种、环烯醚萜类36种、萜（皂苷）类32种、有机（酚）酸类16种、苯酞类15种、苯乙醇苷类12种、色原酮类6种及其他类11种（包括4种香豆素类、2种木脂素、2种苯丙素、1种苯并吡喃酮类、1种强心苷及其他类）。小鼠ig柴胡清肝汤后取样检测到血清中66种、脑中31种、肺脏中89种、心脏中57种、肝脏中66种、脾脏中95种、肾脏中77种、回肠中105种原型成分。其中梓醇、栀子酸、羟异栀子苷、益母草苷、芍药内酯B、地黄苦苷元、洋川芎内酯G、升麻素、5-O-甲基维斯阿米醇苷、黄芩苷等28个成分在血清和各组织中均有暴露。结论 该研究利用高分辨质谱技术完成了柴胡清肝汤化学物质组及入血、组织移行成分的快速鉴定，可为柴胡清肝汤效应物质的解析及药效成分在不同组织中的药动学研究提供参考。

Objective To analyze and identify the chemical constituents of Chaihu Qinggan decoction (CHQGD), UHPLC-Q-Orbitrap HRMS was used, as well as to characterize the distribution of the biodistribution in mice after gastric irrigation.Methods The separation was performed on an ACQUITY UPLC BEH C₁₈ column (100 mm × 2.1 mm, 1.7 µm) with 0.1% formic acid aqueous solution (A) - methanol (B) as the mobile phase system for gradient elution. Mass spectrometry data were acquired in the positive and negative ion first-order full scan / data-dependent second-order scan mode (Full MS/dd-MS²). The relative retention time of the ion peak and the first-order ion fragment information were integrated, and the constituent elements were fitted by Xcalibur 4.2 software. Identification of the chemical constituents of CHQGD and the prototype components in the blood and tissues was achieved through comparison with the standard, literature, and secondary fragment ion information provided by databases.Results A total of 187 chemical constituents were identified from CHQGD,including 59 flavonoids, 36 iridoids, 32 terpenoids (saponosides), 16 organic (phenolic) acids, 15 phthalides, 12 phenylethanoid glycosides, 6 chromones, and 11 others (including four coumarins, two lignans, two phenylpropanoids, one benzopyranone, one cardiac glycoside, and others. After gastric irrigation of CHQGD to mice, 66 prototype components were detected in serum, 31 in brain, 89 in lung, 57 in heart, 66 in liver, 95 in spleen, 77 in kidney, and 105 in ileum. Among them, 28 components such as catalpol, gardenolic acid, hydroxyisogeniposide, leonuride, paeonilactone B, rehmapicrogenin, senkyunolide G, cimigenol, 5-O-methylvisamminol glucoside, and baicalin were detected in both serum and various tissues.Conclusion In this study, high-resolution mass spectrometry behavior was employed to rapidly identify the chemical constituents of CHQGD and the components migrating into the blood and tissues. This can serve as a reference for the analysis of the pharmacodynamic substances in CHQGD and in-depth research on the pharmacokinetics of pharmacodynamic components in different tissues.

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浙江省自然科学基金项目（ZCLY24H2801）；浙江中医药大学“5151远志人才工程”（112123A12201/001/004/019）；浙江中医药大学科研项目（2023JKZKTS20，2023RCZXZK20）