三阴性乳腺癌（triple-negative breast cancer，TNBC）是雌激素受体、孕激素受体和人表皮生长因子受体2表达均为阴性的乳腺癌亚型，具有侵袭性强、复发转移率高、预后差的特点，目前缺乏有效的靶向治疗手段。黄连-吴茱萸是中医药经典药对，其主要活性成分包括小檗碱、黄连碱、吴茱萸碱、吴茱萸次碱等生物碱类化合物。近年来，黄连-吴茱萸药对在抗肿瘤领域展现出巨大潜力，而越来越多的研究关注到二者生物碱类活性成分在改善TNBC方面的药理作用。基于此，梳理了黄连与吴茱萸的生物碱类活性成分，重点从抑制细胞侵袭与转移、影响细胞周期、诱导细胞凋亡等多个维度阐述了近年来其主要活性成分改善TNBC的作用机制，以期为黄连-吴茱萸药对进一步的开发利用提供参考，为中医药防治TNBC提供新的思路和科学依据。

Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) is a subtype of breast cancer characterized by the absence of estrogen receptor, progesterone receptor, and human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 expression. It exhibits high invasiveness, elevated rates of recurrence and metastasis, poor prognosis, and currently lacks effective targeted therapeutic approaches. The Coptidis Rhizoma-Euodiae Fructus herb pair is a classic Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM), its major active components include alkaloid compounds such as berberine, coptisine, evodiamine, and rutaecarpine. In recent years, Coptidis Rhizoma-Euodiae Fructus herb pair has demonstrated tremendous potential in the field of anti-tumor therapy, with increasing research focusing on the pharmacological effects of their alkaloid components in ameliorating TNBC. Accordingly, this review briefly summarizes the alkaloid components of Coptidis Rhizoma and Euodiae Fructus, emphasizing their mechanisms of action in enhancing TNBC treatment, which include inhibiting cell invasion and metastasis, regulating the cell cycle, and inducing apoptosis. This aims to provide references for the further development and utilization of the Coptidis Rhizoma-Euodiae Fructus herb pair and to offer new insights and scientific evidence for the application of TCM in the prevention and treatment of TNBC.

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国家自然科学基金面上项目（82574707，82374155）；四川省科技厅项目（2024YFFK0092）