肺部疾病发病率与死亡率居高不下，传统疗法面临耐药性、副作用明显等局限，亟需新的治疗策略。核酸类药物凭借其靶向性强、作用持久等优势，为肺部疾病治疗提供了新方向。而传统中药在防治肺部疾病方面具有深厚理论与实践基础，其来源的核酸成分可借助跨界调控机制发挥作用，为肺部疾病干预提供了新思路。探讨了中药来源核酸成分作为一种新兴跨界治疗模式的潜力，系统阐述了其在中医药理论指导下的药物类型、作用机制以及在药物稳定性、递送效率等方面的研究进展和独特优势，进一步介绍了该类潜力药物在慢性阻塞性肺疾病、哮喘、肺炎、肺癌、急性肺损伤、肺纤维化及急性呼吸窘迫综合征等肺部疾病中的应用现状，并讨论了当前面临的挑战与未来的发展前景，以期为该类药物的系统性开发提供理论依据和研究思路。

The incidence and mortality of pulmonary diseases remain persistently high. Conventional therapeutic modalities encounter restrictions, including drug resistance and notable side effects, underscoring the urgent need for novel treatment strategies. Nucleic acid drugs, with their strong target specificity and long-lasting effects, provide a promising new direction for treating pulmonary diseases. Meanwhile, traditional Chinese medicine (TCM), with its extensive theoretical and practical foundation the prevention and treatment of pulmonary diseases, offers innovative intervention strategies through its derived nucleic acid components, which can function via trans-kingdom regulatory mechanisms. This paper explores the potential of TCM-derived nucleic acid drugs as an emerging trans-kingdom therapeutic strategy. Guided by TCM theory, it systematically elaborates drug, type, mechanisms of action, and advances in areas such as drug stability and delivery efficiency, as well as the unique advantages of these agents. Furthermore, the article reviews the application status of nucleic acid drugs in various pulmonary diseases, including chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, asthma, pneumonia, lung cancer, acute lung injury, pulmonary fibrosis, and acute respiratory distress syndrome. Finally, the discussion then addresses the current challenges and future prospects to inform the theoretical foundation and research ideas for the systematic development of this drug class.

R285

天津市教委科研计划项目（2023KJ139）；天津中医药大学新教师科研启动项目“雏鹰计划”项目（XJS2024209）