中药用药安全至关重要。硫熏作为一种传统中药材加工养护工艺，具有贮藏防霉和改善色泽的作用。然而，过量硫熏会导致药材中二氧化硫残留，引发潜在健康风险。目前，二氧化硫残留检测方法存在检测时间长、成本高、操作复杂等缺点，难以满足市场快速检测需求。荧光探针技术凭借其高灵敏度、便携性、制备简便和检测快速等优势，已在医药开发、生物技术及食品安全等领域广泛应用。近年来，利用高选择性、高灵敏度的荧光探针对中药材中二氧化硫残留进行定量或半定量检测已成为研究热点。通过系统总结近年来用于中药材二氧化硫残留检测的荧光探针，依据其识别机制或结构特点进行分类；重点介绍了该类荧光探针在实际检测中的应用进展；分析了当前面临的技术挑战并展望了其未来发展方向。为提升中药材用药安全及质量控制水平提供理论依据与技术参考。

The safety of traditional Chinese medicines (TCMs) is of paramount importance. Sulfur fumigation, a traditional processing and preservation technique for TCMs, serves to prevent mold during storage and improve product appearance. However, excessive sulfur fumigation leads to sulfur dioxide (SO₂) residues in the herbs, posing potential health risks. Currently, the SO₂ residue detection methods suffer from limitations including long analysis time, high cost, and operational complexity, making them inadequate for meeting the market demand for rapid testing. Fluorescent probe technology, with its advantages of high sensitivity, portability, simple preparation, and rapid response, has been widely applied in pharmaceutical development, biotechnology, and food safety. In recent years, the use of highly selective and sensitive fluorescent probes for the quantitative or semi-quantitative detection of SO₂ residues in TCMs has emerged as a significant research focus. This review systematically summarizes fluorescent probes developed in recent years for detecting SO₂ residues in TCMs, categorizing them based on their recognition mechanisms or structural features. It focuses on application progress of these probes in practical detection scenarios, analyzes the current technical challenges, and discusses future development directions. This review aims to provide theoretical foundations and technical references for enhancing the medicinal safety and quality control of TCMs.

R283

国家重点研发计划中医药现代化专项（2023YFC3504103）；甘肃省卫生健康行业科研项目（GSWSKY2024-45）；甘肃省兰州大学大学生省级创新创业训练计划项目（20240060176）；兰州大学第一医院院内基金（ldyyyn2025-281）