目的 整合中药精油的给药途径与疾病的关联性及其在疾病治疗中的核心生物标志物，分析其作用于机体的路径及机制，推动中药精油的合理化应用和创新性发展。方法 利用中国知网数据库（CNKI）、维普数据库（VIP）、万方数据库（Wanfang）、Web of Science数据库统计中药精油的给药途径及治疗疾病类型的分布，并分析不同给药途径与不同疾病类型的关联性，对中药精油治疗过程中作用的生物标志物进行频次统计，分析关联最密切的生物标志物在中药精油治疗疾病中的作用机制。结果 口服在所有给药途径中占比66.23%，吸入途径为21.37%，涂抹途径为8.18%，腹腔注射为3.17%，静脉注射为1.06%；口服和吸入给药途径关联性最高的疾病类型是精神神经系统性疾病，涂抹给药途径中关联性最高的是皮肤病及免疫相关疾病，腹腔注射关联性最高的是肿瘤疾病。在所有出现频次≥10的生物标志物中，涉及氧化应激调控的生物标志物为丙二醛（malondialdehyde，MDA）、NO、超氧化物歧化酶（superoxide dismutase，SOD）等，涉及炎症反应调控的生物标志物为肿瘤坏死因子-α（tumor necrosis factor-α，TNF-α）、白细胞介素-6（interleukin-6，IL-6）、IL-1β、IL-8等，涉及细胞凋亡调控的生物标志物为B淋巴细胞瘤-2相关X蛋白（B-cell lymphoma-2 associated X protein，Bax）、B淋巴细胞瘤-2（B-cell lymphoma-2，Bcl-2）、半胱氨酸天冬氨酸蛋白酶-3（cysteinasparate protease-3，Caspase-3）等，涉及神经调节的生物标志物为5-羟色胺（5-hydroxytryptamine，5-HT）、γ-氨基丁酸（γ-aminobutyric acid，GABA）、去甲肾上腺素（norepinephrine，NE）、乙酰胆碱酯酶（acetylcholinesterase，AChE）等。结论 中药精油通过吸入、经皮吸收和口服3种主要途径进入机体，发挥其生物活性。可通过调节氧化应激、神经递质、炎症反应及细胞凋亡等多种机制发挥作用，在疾病的防治中具有显著的优势。

Objective To integrate the correlation between the administration routes of traditional Chinese medicine essential oils and diseases, as well as their core biomarkers in disease treatment, analyze their pathways and mechanisms of action on the body, and promote the rational application and innovative development of traditional Chinese medicine essential oils. Methods China National Knowledge Infrastructure(CNKI), VIP Information(VIP), Wanfang Data, Web of Science were used to analyze the distribution of administration routes for traditional Chinese herbal essential oils and the types of diseases treated. The correlation between different administration routes and disease types was examined, along with frequency statistics of biomarkers involved in the therapeutic process. After identifying the most closely associated biomarkers, their mechanisms of action in disease treatment by traditional Chinese herbal essential oils were analyzed. Results Among all administration routes, oral administration accounted for 66.23%, inhalation for 21.37%, topical application for 8.18%, intraperitoneal injection for 3.17%, and intravenous injection for 1.06%. The disease types most strongly associated with oral and inhalation routes were neurological and psychiatric disorders, while those most associated with topical application were skin diseases and immune-related conditions. Intraperitoneal injection showed the strongest association with tumor diseases. Among biomarkers appearing more than 10 times, those related to oxidative stress regulation included malondialdehyde (MDA), nitric oxide (NO), and superoxide dismutase (SOD); those involved in inflammatory response regulation included tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), interleukin-6 (IL-6), IL-1β, and IL-8; those associated with apoptosis regulation included B-cell lymphoma-2 associated X protein (Bax), B-cell lymphoma-2 (Bcl-2), and cysteinasparate protease-3 (Caspase-3); and those involved in neural regulation included 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT), γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA), norepinephrine (NE), and acetylcholinesterase (AchE). Conclusion Traditional Chinese medicine essential oils enter the human body through three primary routes: inhalation, transdermal absorption and oral administratio to exert their biological effects. They can exert effects via by regulating multiple mechanisms such as oxidative stress, neurotransmitter, inflammatory responses, and apoptosis, demonstrating significant advantages in disease prevention and treatment.

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国家自然科学基金面上项目（82274119）；河南省重点研发专项（251111310400）；河南省中医药科学研究重大专项（2024ZYZD15）；河南省重点研发专项计划（241111311500）；河南省中医药科学院揭榜挂帅项目（2025ZKY006）；河南省中医学“双一流”创建科学研究专项；河南省高等学校重点科研项目计划（25CY021）