目的 建立基于超分子传感技术的胶类中药特征表征方法。方法 采用指示剂置换分析（indicator displacement assay，IDA）策略，以胶类中药供试品溶液为分析物，筛选可与其产生特异性荧光信号的大环分子·染料主客体对作为传感单元，构建传感阵列；通过检测不同胶类中药与不同传感对作用后的荧光强度，结合模式识别方法进行分析与区分。结果 基于由环糊精、葫芦脲、杯芳烃及联苯芳烃等超分子大环主体与染料构建的主客体传感单元库，筛选出对胶类中药具有灵敏响应的传感单元，成功构建了由季铵盐杯[5]芳烃（QAC5A）·曙红Y二钠盐（EY）（0.4 μmol/L vs 0.5 μmol/L）、季铵盐偶氮杯[4]芳烃（QAAC4A）·EY（1 μmol/Lvs 1 μmol/L）、十二烷基季铵偶氮杯[4]芳烃（QAAC4A12C）·EY（0.6 μmol/L vs 1 μmol/L）、联苯[3]芳烃（WTP3）·荧光素钠（Fl）（0.3 μmol/L vs 0.6 μmol/L）组成的四元超分子传感阵列。主成分分析（principal component analysis，PCA）结果表明，阿胶、新阿胶、鳖甲胶、鹿骨胶、龟甲胶（或鹿角胶）在95%置信区间内能够被明显区分。结论 构建四元超分子传感阵列结合模式识别分析，可用于对不同胶类中药的快速区分。

Objective To establish a method for differentiating gelatinous Chinese medicines (GCMs) based on supramolecular sensing technology. Methods An indicator displacement assay (IDA) strategy was employed where test sample solutions of GCMs served as analytes and macrocyclic molecule-dye host-guest pairs with specific fluorescence signals were used as sensing pairs to construct a sensor array. The fluorescence intensity changes resulting from the interaction between different GCMs and the sensing units were detected and combined with pattern recognition methods for differentiation. Results Through screening host-guest sensing units with selective fluorescence responses to GCMs from a supramolecular library consisting of cyclodextrins, cucurbiturils, calixarenes, and biphen[n]arenes hosts combined with dyes, a quaternary supramolecular sensor array was constructed including quaternary ammonium salt calix[5]arene (QAC5A)·eosin Y (EY) (0.4 μmol/L vs 0.5 μmol/L), quaternary ammonium modified azocalix[4]arene (QAAC4A)·EY (1 μmol/L vs 1 μmol/L), dodecyl quaternary ammonium salt azo calix[4]arene (QAAC4A12C)·EY (0.6 μmol/L vs 1 μmol/L), and terphen[3]arene (WTP3)·fluorescein (Fl) (0.3 μmol/L vs 0.6 μmol/L). Principal component analysis (PCA) demonstrated that Ejiao (Colla Corii Asini), Xin’ejiao (Colla Corii Suilli), Biejiajiao (Colla Carapacis Trionychis), Lugujiao (Colla Ossis Cervi), Guijiajiao (Colla Carapacis et Plastri Testudinis) or Lujiajiao (Colla Cornus Cervi) could be significantly distinguished within a 95% confidence interval. Conclusion This study developed a quaternary supramolecular sensor array integrated with pattern recognition analysis which enables rapid discrimination of various GCMs.

R283.6

国家中医药管理局科技项目（GZY-KJS-2025-062）；天津市科技计划项目（25ZYCGCG00390）；天津市科技计划项目（25HHZYSS00005）