目的 采用UHPLC-Q-Exactive Orbitrap HRMS技术鉴定当归补血汤的化学成分，并分析其在小鼠ig后的入血及组织移行分布特征。方法 选取12只健康雄性C57BL/6J小鼠，随机分为空白组（n＝3）ig纯化水，给药组（n＝9）按16 g/kg ig当归补血汤提取液，给药后0.5、1.5、3 h采集血清及组织样本，合并后蛋白沉淀法处理。采用ACQUITY UPLC BEH C₁₈色谱柱（100 mm×2.1 mm，1.7 μm），以0.1%甲酸水溶液-甲醇为流动相梯度洗脱分离。质谱数据通过正负离子一级全扫描/数据依赖二级扫描模式采集，结合Xcalibur 4.2软件分析离子峰相对保留时间及一级碎片信息，并通过对照品、文献及数据库比对实现成分鉴定。结果 从当归补血汤中共鉴定出158个化学成分，包括黄酮类56个、皂苷类44个、苯酞类24个、有机酸类17个、香豆素类8个、生物碱类2个以及其他类7个。小鼠ig当归补血汤后原型移行成分数量随时间变化，分布规律为回肠＞肝＞血清＞肺＞肾＞脾＞心＞脑。在血清和各组织中移行成分包括7,3'-二羟基-5'-甲氧基异黄酮（紫檀素E）、毛蕊异黄酮葡萄糖苷、美迪紫檀素、毛蕊异黄酮、千层纸素A、异短尖剑豆酚、丁烯基苯酞、(6αR,11αR)-3,9-二甲氧基-10-羟基紫檀烷以及芒柄花素。结论 通过高分辨质谱技术解析了当归补血汤化学物质组成及其体内移行特征，为当归补血汤的药效物质解析及组织药代动力研究提供了重要参考。

This study aimed to characterize the chemical profile of Danggui Buxue Decoction (DBD) and investigate the systemic exposure and tissue distribution of its constituents in mice following oral administration, using UHPLC-Q-Exactive Orbitrap high-resolution mass spectrometry (HRMS). Methods A total of 12 healthy male C57BL/6J mice were randomly divided into a blank control group (n = 3), administered purified water, and a DBD-treated group (n = 9), given a DBD extract at 16 g/kg by gavage. Serum and tissue samples were collected at 0.5, 1.5, and 3 h post-dose, pooled, and processed via protein precipitation. Chromatographic separation was performed on an ACQUITY UPLC BEH C₁₈ column (100 mm × 2.1 mm, 1.7 μm) using a gradient elution with 0.1% formic acid in water and methanol as the mobile phase. Mass spectrometric data were acquired in both positive and negative ion modes via full-scan MS¹/data-dependent MS² scanning. Compound identification was achieved by analyzing relative retention times and MS¹ fragment information using Xcalibur 4.2 software, with confirmation against reference standards, literature data, and databases. Results A total of 158 chemical compounds were identified in DBD, comprising 56 flavonoids, 44 saponins, 24 phthalides, 17 organic acids, 8 coumarins, 2 alkaloids, and 7 other constituents. The number of prototype compounds detected in mice after DBD administration varied over time. The abundance of these migrating components across tissues followed the order: ileum > liver > serum > lung > kidney > spleen > heart > brain. Key constituents identified in the serum and various tissues included 7,3'-dihydroxy-5'-methoxyisoflavone (pterocarpan E), calycosin-7-O-β-D-glucoside, methylnissolin, calycosin, oroxylin A, isomucronulatol, 3-butylidenephthalide, (6αR,11αR)-3,9-dimethoxy-10-hydroxypterocarpan and formononetin. Conclusion This study delineates the comprehensive chemical composition of DBD and in vivo absorption and tissue distribution patterns using HRMS, providing crucial insights for identifying the bioactive constituents of DBD and supporting further tissue pharmacokinetic investigations.

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国家自然科学基金项目（82505535）；国家自然科学基金项目（82575089）；国家自然科学基金项目（82474045）；中国博士后基金面上项目（2025M773981）；国家资助博士后研究人员计划C档资助（GZC20252641）；上海市自然基金项目（25ZR1401335，24ZR1467100，25ZR1402483）；上海市进一步加快中医药传承创新发展三年行动计划资助[ZY（2025-2027）-3-1-1]；国家中医药管理局中药创新能力提升项目（BJTH 2024-02F-0009）；上海市卫健委医学新技术研究与转化种子计划项目（2024ZZ1006）；上海市科委科技启明星项目（24QA2709200）；上海市东方英才计划青年项目（QNWS2024054）；上海市超级博士后资助项目（2024530）；上海市卫健委中医药科研项目计划（2024QN084）