本草考证通过对历代典籍的系统梳理与辨析，厘清药材名实与古今应用，同时也是确保药材品质与临床疗效的关键。以古籍考证为主，对本草古籍中柴胡药材的名称、基原、功效、采收、炮制、道地产地进行综合考证，同时系统梳理了北柴胡道地性品质形成的现代生态学研究。发现柴胡功效共发生了3次大的变革，最终确定了柴胡现有“疏散退热，疏肝解郁，升举阳气”的功效；此外柴胡的道地产区历史上总体稳定，其分布以陕豫接壤地区为中心，沿黄河、渭河水系向四周逐渐扩展；同时现代研究从生态因子与微生物互作的角度，阐释了北柴胡品质形成的“逆境效应”与多维调控网络，为阐明其道地性成因提供了理论依据。从“传统考证”与“科学研究”的交叉印证诠释了道地药材的科学内涵，指出生态因子（从水、热、光至微生物）是驱动柴胡道地品质形成的核心要素，为柴胡质量提升、资源深度开发及合理的临床应用提供理论依据。

Herbal textual research, through systematic collation and analysis of historical texts, clarifies the nomenclature and historical applications of medicinal materials, and serves as a key factor in ensuring their quality and clinical efficacy. This study primarily conducted a comprehensive textual investigation into the nomenclature, botanical origin, efficacy, harvesting and collection, processing and geo-authentic producing areas of Chaihu (Bupleuri Radix) as recorded in historical herbal literature. Simultaneously, it systematically reviewed modern ecological research on the quality formation of geo-authentic Bupleuri Radix. The study identified three major shifts in the documented efficacy of Bupleuri Radix, ultimately establishing its current recognized functions of “dispelling pathogenic factors to relieve fever, soothing the liver to alleviate depression, and elevating yang qi” through three major revolutions. Furthermore, the geo-authentic producing areas of Bupleuri Radix have remained relatively stable historically, with their distribution centered on the adjoining region of Shaanxi and Henan provinces and gradually expanding outward along the watersheds of the Yellow River and the Wei River. Concurrently, modern research, from the perspective of interactions between ecological factors and microorganisms, elucidates the “stress effect” and the multidimensional regulatory network underlying the quality formation of Bupleuri Radix, thereby providing a theoretical basis for understanding the causes of its geo-authenticity. This study interprets the scientific connotation of dao-di herbs through the cross-verification of “traditional textual research” and “scientific inquiry”. It identifies ecological factors—ranging from water, heat, and light to microorganisms—as the core elements driving the formation ofthe geo-authentic quality of Bupleuri Radix. This provides a theoretical foundation for enhancing the quality of Bupleuri Radix, promoting in-depth resource development, and guiding rational clinical application.

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国家自然科学基金资助项目（82104329）;河南省青年学生科学基金项目（252300423976）;河南省重点研发专项（251111310500）;河南省重点研发专项（231111312700）