目的 探究不同产地金莲花Trollius chinensis的亲缘关系和遗传多样性水平。方法 采用简单序列重复区间（inter simple sequence repeat，ISSR）技术对27份金莲花样本进行多态性分析、遗传多样性分析、遗传距离与聚类分析。结果 100条引物中筛选出5条条带清晰的引物，共扩增出245个位点，其中有218个多态性位点，平均多态性位点率达到89.41%；观察等位基因数（The number of alleles，N_a）为1.67～2.00，均值是1.93，有效等位基因数（effective number of alleles，N_e）的范围为1.531～1.682，平均值是1.600，N_a和N_e的差异显示部分等位基因频率较高；Nei's基因多样性指数（Nei’s gene diversity index，h）的范围为0.300～0.380，均值是0.345，Shannon’s指数（Shannon’s information index，I）为0.428～0.558，均值是0.511，h和I的差异可能是因为位点间异质性；聚类结果显示27份样本可以分为2大类，2大类产地没有明显的地区特征，推测为人工引种导致。结论 综合数据显示金莲花的遗传多样性水平处于中等，为金莲花的品种选育以及可持续利用提供科学依据。

Objective To explore the genetic relationship and genetic diversity of Trollius chinensis from different origins. Methods The polymorphism analysis, genetic diversity analysis, genetic distance and cluster analysis of 27 T. chinensis samples were conducted using the inter simple sequence repeat (ISSR) technique. Results A total of five clear banding patterns were selected from 100 primers, and a total of 245 loci were amplified, among which 218 were polymorphic loci, with an average polymorphism locus rate of 89.41%. The number of alleles (N_a) ranged from 1.67 to 2.00, with an average of 1.93, and the effective number of alleles (N_e) ranged from 1.531 to 1.682, with an average of 1.600. The difference between N_a and N_e indicated that some allele frequencies were relatively high. Nei’s gene diversity index (h) ranged from 0.300 to 0.380, with an average of 0.345, and Shannon’s information index (I) ranged from 0.428 to 0.558, with an average of 0.511. The difference between h and I might be due to the heterogeneity among sites. The cluster analysis showed that the 27 samples could be divided into two major categories, and there were no obvious regional characteristics between the two major categories, which was speculated to be due to artificial introduction. Conclusion The comprehensive data showed that the genetic diversity of T. chinensis is at a medium level, which provides a scientific basis for the breeding and sustainable use of T. chinensis in the future.

R286.12

承德市科技计划项目（202305B007）