目的 对手参Gymnadeniaconopsea块茎的化学成分进行研究，并评价其神经保护作用。方法 采用硅胶柱色谱、ODS柱色谱、Sephadex LH-20柱色谱和半制备HPLC等手段进行分离纯化，通过理化性质、波谱数据和单晶X-射线衍射鉴定化合物的结构。同时，评价化合物对氧糖剥夺/再灌注（OGD/R）损伤的PC12细胞的保护作用。结果 从手参乙醇提取物中分离得到7个化合物，被鉴定为 (2R,3R,4S,5S,7S,8S,9S)-2,3,8,9-四羟基-7-甲基-五氧杂四环[6.6.2.0^4,5.0^7,8]十六烷（1）、(5S)-5-(羟基甲基)-4-[(E)-[5'-(羟基甲基)呋喃-2'-基]甲亚基]-2-[(Z)-(4''-羟基苯基)甲亚基]四氢呋喃-3-酮（2）、5-羟甲基糠醛（3）、双-(5-甲酰基糠基)醚（4）、pollenfuran A（5）、pollenfuran B（6）、5-((4-O-β-D-吡喃葡萄糖基苄氧基)甲基)-呋喃-2-甲醛（7）。与OGD/R组相比，化合物1～2、4和7在1.062 5～50 µmol/L的浓度范围内能显著提高PC12细胞活力。结论 化合物1和2为新化合物，分别命名为手参环醇和手参呋喃B；化合物4～7首次从手参属中分离得到。化合物1～2、4和7具有神经保护活性。

Objective The chemical constituents of Gymnadenia conopsea tubers were studied and their neuroprotective effects were evaluated. Methods The compounds were isolated and purified by silica gel column chromatography (CC), ODS CC, Sephadex LH-20 CC and semi-preparative high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). The structures of the compounds were identified by physicochemical properties, spectral data and single crystal X-ray diffraction. At the same time, the protective effects of the compounds on oxygen–glucose deprivation/reoxygenation (OGD/R)-injured rat pheochromocytoma (PC12) cells were determined. Results Seven compounds were isolated from 95% ethanol extract of G. conopsea, and they were identified as (2R,3R,4S,5S,7S,8S,9S)-2,3,8,9-tetrahydroxy-7-methyl-pentaoxatetracyclo [6.6.2.0^4,5.0^7,8]hexadecane (1), (5S)-5-(hydroxymethyl)-4-[(E)-[5'-(hydroxymethyl)-2'-furyl] methylidene]-2-[(Z)-(4''-hydroxyphenyl) methylidene] tetrahydrofuran-3-one (2), 5-hydroxymethylfurfural (3), bis (5-formylfurfuryl) ether (4), pollenfuran A (5), pollenfuran B (6), and 5-((4-O-β-D-glucopyranosylbenzyloxy)methyl)-furan-2-carbaldehyde (7). Compared with OGD/R group, compounds 1—2, 4 and 7 could significantly enhance the viability of PC12 cells at the concentrations of 1.062 5 to 50 µmol/L. Conclusion Compounds 1 and 2 are new compounds named gymnaoxa and gymnafuran B, respectively. Compounds 4—7 were isolated from this genus for the first time. Compounds 1—2, 4 and 7 showed neuroprotective activities.

R914

扬州大学“高端人才支持计划”项目（20190223）;江苏省研究生科研创新项目（KYCX22_3573）