目的 研究林下参Panax ginseng皂苷含量与生态因子的关系，明确影响林下参皂苷积累的主导生态因子，为林下参的生态种植提供理论依据。方法 以吉林省和龙市12个样地林下参为研究对象，采用HPLC法测定林下参7种单体皂苷含量，并测定土壤含水量、有机质、空气温湿度、透光率等14个生态因子，运用相关性分析、灰色关联度分析、逐步回归分析等统计方法，探讨人参皂苷含量与生态因子的关系。结果 不同样地林下参皂苷含量存在显著差异，其中各样地含人参皂苷Rb₁为2.93～6.13 mg/g，均超出《中国药典》2020年版标准（人参皂苷Rb₁不少于0.20%），而人参皂苷Rg₁与人参皂苷Re之和为1.23～5.61 mg/g，有5个样地未达到药典标准（人参皂苷Rg₁与人参皂苷Re之和不少于0.30%），可见不同生境条件对林下参皂苷含量积累具有较大影响；综合多项数学统计结果，土壤含水量、有机质含量、碱解氮含量、空气温度和适中的透光率等5个生态因子对林下参皂苷含量存在明显的正向影响，土壤容重存在明显的负面影响，而其他8个生态因子的影响未得到一致性支持；三醇型人参皂苷受生态因子变化的影响较大，而二醇型人参皂苷具有较高的生态稳定性，这一现象值得深入研究。结论 土壤含水量、土壤有机质、土壤碱解氮、空气温度和透光率对林下参皂苷的合成积累具有较大影响，在林下参生态种植基地选择与管理中应给予重视。

Objective This paper studied the relationship between the content of ginsenosides and ecological factors in Panax ginseng, in order to clarify the dominant ecological factors affecting the accumulation of ginsenosides and provide theoretical basis for the ecological planting of P. ginseng. Methods Twelve sample plots of P. ginseng from different habitats in Helong City, Jilin Province were studied, the content of seven kinds of ginsenosides were analyzed by HPLC, and 14 ecological factors such as soil water content, organic matter, air temperature and humidity, light transmittance were also measured. The relationship between the the content of ginsenosides and ecological factors was explored by correlation analysis, grey correlation analysis, stepwise regression analysis and other statistical methods. Results The content of ginsenosides had significantly different from different sample plots. The content of Rb₁ ranged from 2.93 mg/g to 6.13 mg/g and exceeded the standard of Chinese Pharmacopoeia (2020 edition), while the total content of Rg₁ and Re ranged from 1.23 mg/g to 5.61 mg/g, five sample plots failed to meet the standard of pharmacopoeia. The conditions of habitat had a great influence on the accumulation of ginsenosides. Based on the results of mathematical statistics, soil water content, organic matter content, alkali hydrolyzed nitrogen content, air temperature and moderate light transmittance had significant positive effects on the content of ginsenosides, soil bulk density had significant negative effects on the content of ginsenosides, while the effects of the other eight ecological factors had not been consistently supported. Triol ginsenosides were influenced greatly by the change of ecological factors, while diol ginsenosides had high ecological stability, which was worth of further study. Conclusion Soil water content, soil organic matter, soil alkali hydrolyzed nitrogen, air temperature and light transmittance have great influence on the synthesis and accumulation of ginsenosides, which should be paid attention in selecting and managing on the ecological planting base of P. ginseng.

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吉林省重大科技专项（20200504002YY）；吉林省重点科技研发项目（20180201038YY）；国家中药材产业技术体系建设专项（CARS-21）