目的 研究不同时间、不同采集地的防风挥发油量与防风根际土壤相关性。方法 水蒸气蒸馏法提取防风挥发油，检测其成分；根据国家标准规定方法测定根际土壤pH，水解N，速效P、K，全N及有机质的量，用SPSS 13.0软件分析数据。结果 防风挥发油量随采集地不同由南至北递减，所含成分明显不同，但均以1-甲酰基-4-(1-丁烯-3基)-苯和β-没药烯为主。防风挥发油量与其根际土壤全N之间呈显著幂相关，与水解N呈显著非线性相关，而速效P、K、有机质，只一批样品之间呈较好的相关性。土壤自身pH、水解N与速效P之间，水解N、速效P与速效K之间，水解N、速效P、速效K与有机质之间显著相关（P＜0.01）；土壤pH与水解N、速效K之间显著相关（P＜0.05）。结论 防风挥发油量在不同采收期差异无规律性，但其产率受根际土壤全N量的抑制作用显著，随其量的增加而显著降低，而水解N、速效P、K及有机质量适宜时可显著提高挥发油产率。土壤pH则可以通过调节土壤其他化学性质而影响防风挥发油的量。

Objective To study the correlation between the content of volatile oil and the rhizosphere soil from the roots of Saposhnikovia divaricata collected from different regions at different harvest time. Methods The volatile oil from the roots of S. divaricata was extracted by steam distillation and analyzed. According to the National Standard of the People’s Republic of China, we determined the pH value, total nitrogen, hydrolysable nitrogen, available phosphorus, available potassium, and organic matter in the rhizosphere soil of S. divaricata. The obtained data were statistically analyzed with SPSS 13.0 software. Results The content of volatile oil in the roots of S. divaricata presented a trend of decrease with different collection regions from south to north and the main chemical components were significantly different, in which 1-(1-formylethyl)-4-(1-buten-3-yl)-benzene and β-bisabolene were found as the principal components. There was a significantly negative power function relationship between the content of volatile oil and the total nitrogen, a significantly non-linear correlation between the content of volatile oil and the hydrolysable nitrogen, but a good correlation between content of volatile oil and available phosphorus, available potassium, and the content of organic matter was found only in the first sample. There were significant good correlations of the pH value and hydrolysable nitrogen with available phosphorus, hydrolysable nitrogen, and available phosphorus with available potassium, hydrolysable nitrogen, available phosphorus, and available potassium with organic matter in rhizosphere soil (P < 0.01 ). The significant correlation of hydrolysable nitrogen, available potassium with pH was found (P < 0.05). Conclusion There is no significant difference among the contents of volatile oil extracted from S. divaricata collected at different harvest time. There is a negative correlation between the total nitrogen content in rhizosphere soil and the content of volatile oil, namely, the productivity of volatile oil decreases with the increase of total nitrogen content, while the optimal contents of hydrolysable nitrogen, available phosphorus, available potassium, and organic matter could accumulate the content of volatile oil. On the other hand, pH value may affect the content of volatile oil by modulating the other chemical properties of the rhizosphere soil.

国家科技支撑项目“人参规范化种植提升、系列产品综合开发及品牌培育研究”（2011BAI03B01）