内生真菌主要指一类广泛定植于植物根系表层或细胞间隙的益生真菌，包括丛枝菌根真菌和深色有隔内生真菌2大类。除能够促进植物生长、增强次生代谢产物积累外，内生真菌还可提高宿主重金属、干旱、高盐等非生物胁迫及病害生物胁迫抗性。系统综述了内生真菌增强药用植物对重金属、干旱、盐碱及病害胁迫抗性的作用及机制。研究表明，内生真菌主要通过促进养分吸收、增强抗氧化系统、改善光合效率、调控植物激素及诱导活性物质合成等途径提高植物胁迫抗性，且内生真菌的响应机制因胁迫因子的不同而有所差异，但相关分子机制及关键代谢通路仍不明确。基于现有研究，总结了不同因子胁迫下内生真菌的响应机制，绘制了相应的调控网络图，为深入解析植物-内生真菌互作机制及药用植物生态栽培提供理论依据。

Endophytic fungi are probiotic fungi that widely colonize the root surface or intercellular spaces of plants, primarily including arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi and dark septate endophytes. In addition to promoting plant growth and enhancing the accumulation of secondary metabolites, endophytic fungi can also improve the host’s resistance to abiotic stresses such as heavy metals, drought, and high salinity, as well as to biotic stresses like diseases. This review systematically summarizes the mechanisms by which endophytic fungi enhance the resistance of medicinal plants to heavy metal, drought, salinity, and disease stresses. Studies demonstrate that endophytic fungi primarily improve stress resistance through facilitating nutrient uptake, enhancing antioxidant systems, optimizing photosynthetic efficiency, regulating phytohormones, and inducing bioactive compound synthesis. The response mechanisms of endophytic fungi vary due to different stress factors, but the associated molecular mechanisms and key metabolic pathways are not yet fully understood. Based on current evidence, the response mechanisms of endophytic fungi under different stress factors were summarized, and the corresponding regulatory network diagrams were drawn. This review provides a critical theoretical foundation for elucidating plant-endophyte interactions and advancing the ecological cultivation of medicinal plants.

R286.12

云南省中医药应用基础研究联合专项(202101AZ070001-014,02001AZ070001-009); 国家自然科学基金资助项目(82260743);国家自然科学基金资助项目(82360750); 云南省基础研究计划资助项目(202501AS070141,202201AT070219); 中央本级重大增减支项目“名贵中药资源可持续利用能力建设项目”(2060302-2404-05); 云南省“万人计划”青年拔尖人才专项(YNWR-QNBJ-2020-279); 云南省“兴滇英才支持计划”青年人才项目(XDYC-QNRC-2023-0526); 云南省科技厅-云南省国际科技特派员(个人)项目(202403AK140080); 云南省教育厅科学研究基金研究生项目(2025Y0604)