目的 探析中医药治疗经皮冠状动脉介入（percutaneous coronary intervention，PCI）术后心绞痛的方药规律。方法 分别检索中国知网（China National Knowledge Infrastructure，CNKI）、万方（Wanfang）、维普（Chinese Scientific Journal Database，VIP）和中国生物医学文献服务系统（SinoMed）数据库，检索时限自建库至2025年1月1日，筛选出中医药治疗PCI术后心绞痛的文献，运用Microsoft Excel 2021建立中药处方数据库，通过Lantern 5.0与Rstudio软件对频率＞3.80%的高频中药进行隐结构模型与关联规则分析以探析中医药治疗PCI术后心绞痛的方药规律。结果 纳入中医药总处方315首，涉及中药185味，总频次3 179次。高频次中药有丹参、川芎、甘草、黄芪与当归等，功效以补虚药和活血化瘀药为主。隐结构分析共获得13个隐变量、26个隐类、7个综合聚类模型，33个核心方剂，推测PCI术后心绞痛常见证候有气虚血瘀证、痰瘀互结证、痰阻血瘀证与气滞血瘀证等。关联规则分析获得48条强关联规则，其中关联规则支持度最高的是赤芍-川芎。结论 PCI术后心绞痛本虚标实之证，以气虚为本，“瘀”“痰”为标，临床治疗以益气活血、化痰祛瘀为主，随证结合清热解毒、疏肝理气与养阴补血等治法。

Objective To explore rules of prescriptions and medicines in traditional Chinese medicine for treating post-percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) angina pectoris. Methods The retrieval period was set from the inception of each database to January 1, 2025. Databases including the China National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI), Wanfang Data, Chinese Scientific Journal Database (VIP), and SinoMed were searched separately to screen out qualified literatures on traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) for the treatment of post-PCI angina pectoris. Microsoft Excel 2021 was utilized to establish a database of TCM prescriptions. Subsequently, Lantern 5.0 and Rstudio were employed to conduct latent structure model analysis and association rule analysis on high-frequency TCM herbs (with a frequency > 3.80%), aiming to explore the rules of prescriptions and medicines in TCM for the treatment of post-PCI angina pectoris. Results A total of 315 TCM prescriptions were included, involving 185 kinds of TCM herbs with a total usage frequency of 3 179. High-frequency TCM herbs included Danshen (Salviae Miltiorrhizae Radix et Rhizoma), Chuanxiong (Chuanxiong Rhizoma), Gancao (Glycyrrhizae Radix et Rhizoma), Huangqi (Astragali Radix), and Danggui (Angelicae Sinensis Radix), among others; their effects were mainly categorized as tonifying herbs and blood-activating and stasis-resolving herbs. From the latent structure analysis, 13 latent variables, 26 latent classes, seven comprehensive clustering models, and 33 core prescriptions were obtained. It was inferred that the common syndromes of angina pectoris after PCI included qi deficiency and blood stasis syndrome, phlegm-blood stasis intermingling syndrome, phlegm obstruction and blood stasis syndrome, and qi stagnation and blood stasis syndrome. Through association rule analysis, 48 strong association rules were identified, among which the rule with the highest support degree was “Chishao (Paeoniae Radix Rubra)-Chuanxiong (Chuanxiong Rhizoma)”. Conclusion Angina pectoris after PCI presents with the syndrome of root deficiency and branch excess. Specifically, qi deficiency serves as the root, while blood stasis and phlegm act as the branches. In clinical practice, the primary therapeutic approaches are replenishing qi and activating blood as well as resolving phlegm and dissipating stasis. Based on syndrome differentiation, additional treatments such as clearing heat and detoxifying, soothing the liver and regulating qi, and nourishing yin and replenishing blood are combined accordingly.

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国家自然科学基金重点项目(82030120);国家自然科学基金青年基金项目(81503435); 河南省中医药科学研究专项课题(2022ZY2009); 河南省国际科技合作项目(252102521036); 河南省重点研发与推广专项(科技攻关)项目(242102310554);河南省重点研发与推广专项(科技攻关)项目(242102310527);河南省重点研发与推广专项(科技攻关)项目(252102310470); 横向课题--基于电生理机制的舒血宁注射液心脏毒性研究(XZ2022013); 华通国康医学科研专项(2023HT034)