肾纤维化作为慢性肾脏病的核心病理机制，早期干预对于延缓疾病进程具有重要临床价值。研究表明，多种细胞死亡方式通过释放炎症介质、激活成纤维细胞并促进细胞外基质异常沉积，在肾纤维化发生发展中发挥着关键调控作用。近年来，中药活性成分及复方制剂通过靶向调控细胞死亡途径干预肾纤维化的研究取得显著进展，为肾脏纤维化治疗提供了新的干预策略。通过系统梳理国内外最新研究进展，重点围绕中药活性成分及复方调控细胞死亡的作用机制，深入探讨其在肾纤维化治疗中的应用前景，为临床实践提供理论依据和用药参考。

Renal fibrosis, as the core pathological mechanism of chronic kidney disease progression, holds significant clinical value for early intervention in delaying disease advancement. Studies have demonstrated that various modes of cell death play pivotal regulatory roles in the initiation and progression of renal fibrosis by releasing inflammatory mediators, activating fibroblasts, and promoting abnormal extracellular matrix deposition. In recent years, remarkable progress has been made in research on active components of traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) and compound formulations targeting cell death pathways to intervene in renal fibrosis, offering novel therapeutic strategies. This article systematically reviews the latest domestic and international research advances, with a focus on the mechanisms by which TCM active ingredients and compounds regulate cell death, and delves into their potential applications in renal fibrosis treatment, aiming to provide a theoretical foundation and clinical references.

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国家自然科学基金资助项目（82074383）；咸阳市科技局项目（L2024-ZDYF-ZDYF-SF-0057）；陕西省科技厅（2025SF-YBXM-494）；陕西省卫生健康科研创新能力提升计划（2025YF-37）