我国癌症发病率持续攀升且呈地域异质性，已成为威胁人类生命健康、影响经济社会发展的重大公共卫生问题。实体瘤患者的高凝状态是癌症患者的重要病理特征，也是导致血栓栓塞事件的核心风险因素，更是通过重塑肿瘤微环境从而加速肿瘤血管新生、免疫逃逸及转移进程的重要病理状态。中医学认为高凝状态属“血瘀”范畴，病机涉及气血功能失调与痰湿瘀阻的叠加。基于“气血双补”与“活血化瘀”原则，中医药通过多靶点调控凝血系统展现出独特优势。系统阐释了中医药干预肿瘤相关高凝状态的作用机制及临床转化价值，重点探讨中药复方、单味药及其活性成分通过调控炎症-凝血交互网络、改善血管内皮功能及抑制血小板异常活化等途径发挥的抗凝效应，为优化肿瘤防治策略提供中西医结合新思路。

The incidence of cancer in China continues to rise with pronounced geographical heterogeneity, posing a formidable public health challenge that endangers human life and health while affecting socioeconomic development. The hypercoagulable state in patients with tumors is not only a pivotal pathological hallmark but also a key risk factor for thromboembolic events. Furthermore, it drives tumor angiogenesis, immune evasion, and metastasis through remodeling the tumor microenvironment. In traditional Chinese medicine (TCM), this hypercoagulable state is regarded as “blood stasis”, whose pathogenesis involves the superposition between qi-blood dysfunction and the accumulation of phlegm-dampness stasis. Guided by the principles of “replenishing qi and nourishing blood” and “activating blood and resolving stasis,” TCM exhibits unique advantages in regulating the coagulation system via multi-targeted interventions. This paper systematically expounds on the mechanisms and clinical translational significance of TCM-based interventions in tumor-associated hypercoagulability, with a focus on exploring how TCM compound formulas, single herbs, and their active constituents exert anticoagulant effects. Specifically, it examines their roles in modulating the inflammation-coagulation crosstalk network, ameliorating vascular endothelial function, and suppressing aberrant platelet activation. The study aims to provide novel integrated TCM-Western medicine strategies for optimizing approaches to cancer prevention and treatment.

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现代中药新质生产力科技创新工程专项（24ZXZKSY00010）