目的 探讨香囊核心药对“苍术-白芷”挥发油通过Toll样受体3（Toll-like receptor 3，TLR3）/血管紧张素转化酶2（angiotensin-converting enzyme 2，ACE2）/分泌型免疫球蛋白A（secretory immunoglobulin A，sIgA）轴调控脂多糖（lipopolysaccharide，LPS）诱导的免疫抑制人鼻上皮细胞（human nasal epithelial cells，HNEpC）模型的免疫-代谢交互机制，旨在从免疫稳态重建的视角阐释香囊蕴含的“芳香辟秽”理论的分子内涵。方法 系统整合中国知网、万方等数据库文献，梳理香囊现代研究脉络。采用水蒸气蒸馏法提取苍术-白芷挥发油，并以气相色谱-质谱（GC-MS）联用技术鉴定其活性成分；通过蛋白质印迹法分析苍术-白芷挥发油成分对LPS诱导的人鼻上皮细胞免疫抑制模型中TLR3、ACE2、sIgA等鼻黏膜免疫相关标志物的影响。结合代谢组学与网络药理学方法，探讨香囊药对“苍术-白芷”挥发油在鼻黏膜代谢和免疫双维度的调控机制。结果 挥发油是中药香囊防治新型冠状病毒肺炎（corona virus disease 2019，COVID-19）及其他呼吸系统传染疾病的重要成分；鼻上皮细胞是香囊发挥鼻黏膜免疫防御功能的重要单位；“苍术-白芷”为香囊的高频用药及核心药对。蛋白质印迹分析显示，苍术-白芷挥发油能够逆转LPS诱导的HNEpC上sIgA信号抑制，并下调ACE2/TLR3表达（P＜0.01）。代谢组学分析显示，LPS诱导的免疫抑制HNEpC模型中多条代谢通路显著紊乱，尤其涉及精氨酸、鞘脂和核苷酸代谢。苍术-白芷挥发油可能通过正向调节这些代谢通路，促进屏障功能、提升sIgA及免疫信号传递；负向抑制类固醇代谢，以助于解除免疫抑制状态；调控核黄素和抗坏血酸代谢以提供能量和抗氧化支持及维持上皮细胞免疫应答的持续性，而显示对鼻黏膜的免疫防御效应的潜在影响。网络药理学分析显示，苍术-白芷挥发油可能通过调节脾酪氨酸激酶（spleen tyrosine kinase，SYK）、磷脂酰肌醇-4,5-二磷酸3-激酶催化亚基δ（phosphatidylinositol-4,5-bisphosphate 3-kinase catalytic subunit delta，PIK3CD）及丝裂原活化蛋白激酶8（mitogen-activated protein kinase 8，MAPK8）免疫轴，具有促进鼻黏膜sIgA分泌的潜在能力（体现“正气”充盈）；同时通过一氧化氮合酶2（nitric oxide synthase，NOS2）/NO抗菌及代谢重塑机制具备清除病原的潜力（体现“除邪”效应），与“香者气之正，正气盛则除邪辟秽”理论相符。免疫防御相关蛋白与代谢效应相关蛋白存在互作关系，且MAPK8显示关键调控作用；2类效应蛋白的关键靶点与ACE2、TLR3呈现蛋白互作，进一步表明苍术-白芷挥发油作用于鼻黏膜发挥免疫防御作用与ACE2/TLR3轴调控密切相关。结论 香囊药对“苍术-白芷”挥发油通过“正气（免疫代谢）-邪秽（病原入侵）”双重轴线调控鼻黏膜免疫防御作用，展示了中医“芳香辟秽”理论的“香者气之正，正气盛则除邪辟秽”的现代科学意义。

Objective To investigate the immuno-metabolic interaction mechanism of the core medicinal pair “Cangzhu (Atractylodis Rhizoma)-Baizhi (Angelicae Dahuricae Radix)” volatile oil from Xiangnang (sachet) on the lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced immunosuppressed human nasal epithelial cell (HNEpC) model via the Toll-like receptor 3 (TLR3)/ angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2)/secretory immunoglobulin A (sIgA) axis. This aims to elucidate the molecular connotation of the “fragrance to avoid filth” theory embedded in sachet from the perspective of immune homeostasis reconstruction. Methods Databases including CNKI and Wanfang were systematically integrated to outline the modern research context of sachet. Volatile oils from the core pair “Atractylodis Rhizoma-Angelicae Dahuricae Radix” were extracted via steam distillation, and their active components identified using GC-MS. Western blotting analysis assessed the impact of the volatile oils on nasal mucosal immune markers (TLR3, ACE2, sIgA) in the LPS-induced immunosuppressed human nasal epithelial cells (HNEpC) model. Metabolomics combined with network pharmacology methods were employed to reveal the regulatory mechanism of the core pair volatile oil across nasal mucosal metabolism and immune dimensions. Results Volatile oils are pivotal components in Chinese medicinal sachets for preventing and treating coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) and other respiratory infectious diseases; nasal epithelial cells may serve as critical units enabling these sachets to exert nasal mucosal immune defense functions; “Atractylodis Rhizoma-Angelicae Dahuricae Radix” constitutes both the most frequently used herbs and the core herb pair in such sachets. Metabolomics analysis showed that in LPS-induced immunosuppressed HNEpC models, multiple metabolic pathways were significantly disrupted, especially involving arginine, sphingolipid, and nucleotide metabolism. The volatile oil of “Atractylodis Rhizoma-Angelicae Dahuricae Radix” may regulate these metabolic pathways positively, promoting barrier function, enhancing sIgA and immune signal transmission; negatively inhibiting steroid metabolism to help relieve the immunosuppressive state; and regulating riboflavin and ascorbic acid metabolism to provide energy and antioxidant support, and maintain the persistence of epithelial cell immune response, thereby showing an impact on the immune defense effects of the nasal mucosa. Network pharmacology analysis indicated the volatile oil have potential to promoting sIgA expression in the nasal mucosa [manifesting as “vital qi (Zhengqi) enrichment”] through the spleen tyrosine kinase (SYK)/phosphatidylinositol-4,5-bisphosphate 3-kinase catalytic subunit delta (PIK3CD)/mitogen-activated protein kinase 8 (MAPK8) immune axis. It also exhibits pathogenic clearance potential [manifesting as “eliminating pathogenic factors (xie)”] via nitric oxide synthase (NOS2)/NO antimicrobial and metabolic remodeling mechanisms, aligning with the theory “qi of aromatic substances is healthy qi, and the healthy qi is strong, so the evil is eliminated and the filth is avoided” An interaction exists between immune defense-related proteins and metabolic effect-related proteins, with MAPK8 playing a crucial regulatory role. Key targets from both effect groups interact with ACE2 and TLR3, further indicating the core pair volatile oil’s action on nasal mucosal immune defense is closely tied to ACE2/TLR3 axis regulation. Conclusion The volatile oil of the sachet herb pair “Atractylodis Rhizoma-Angelicae Dahuricae Radix” modulates nasal mucosal immune defense through a dual-axis framework of “Zhengqi (immune-metabolic regulation)-pathogenic insults (microbial invasion)”, thereby demonstrating the modern scientific significance of the TCM theory “fragrance to avoid filth” (qi of aromatic substances is healthy qi, and the healthy qi is strong, so the evil is eliminated and the filth is avoided).

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甘肃省自然科学基金项目（24JRRA1022）；甘肃省高等学校创新基金项目（2022B-114）；敦煌医学与转化教育部重点实验室开放课题项目（DHYX24-24）；甘肃省高校中（藏）药化学与质量研究重点实验室开放基金项目（zzy-2024-04）；甘肃省中药药理与毒理学重点实验室开放基金项目（ZDSYS-KJ-2024-006）；2025年甘肃省高校教师创新基金项目（2025B-115）；兰州市青年科技人才创新项目（2024-QN-129）；国家级大学生创新创业训练计划项目（202410735015）