目的 研究白背叶楤木Aralia chinensis var. nuda芽苞中三萜类化学成分及其抗气道炎症活性。方法 白背叶楤木芽苞70%乙醇提取物采用硅胶、ODS、Sephadex LH-20、半制备液相色谱进行分离纯化，根据理化特征及核磁数据对化合物进行结构鉴定。采用脂多糖（lipopolysaccharide，LPS）诱导人气道上皮细胞（16HBE）建立体外气道炎症模型，测定化合物对炎症因子白细胞介素-6（interleukin-6，IL-6）释放的影响。结果 从白背叶楤木芽苞70%乙醇提取物中分离得到20个三萜类化合物，分别鉴定为2β,3β-dihydroxyolean-12-en-28-oic acid 28-O-β-D-glucopyranoside（1）、chikusetsusaponin V methyl ester（2）、pseudo-ginsenoside-RT₁（3）、hemsloside Mal（4）、momordin Ⅱa（5）、3-O-β-D-glucopyranosyl(1→3)-β-D-glucuronopyranoside-28-O-β-D-glucopyranosyl oleanolic acid methyl ester（6）、3-O-[β-D-glucopyranosyl-(1→2)-β-D-(6'-O-ethyl)-glucuronopyranosyl]-oleanolic acid 28-O-β-D-glucopyranoside（7）、ginsenoside-Ro-6'-O-butyl ester（8）、姜状三七皂苷R₁（9）、oleanolic acid 3β-O-β-D-glucopyranosyl-(1→2)-β-D-(6'-O-methyl-glucuronopyranoside)（10）、pseudo-ginsenoside-RP₁（11）、momordinⅠa（12）、银莲花苷（13）、narcissiflorine methyl ester（14）、人参皂苷Ro（15）、齐墩果酸（16）、hederagenin 3-O-β-D-glucuronopyranoside-6'-O-methyl ester（17）、quinoasaponin 9（18）、hederagenin 3-O-β-D-glucuronopyranosyl methyl ester-28-O-β-D-glucopyranoside（19）、3-O-[β-D-glucopyranosyl-(1→2)-β-D-glucuronopyranosyl] hederagenin 28-O-β-D-glucopyranoside（20）。化合物3、9～14、17能有效降低LPS诱导的16HBE气道上皮细胞中IL-6水平。结论 化合物1、5、7、8、12、19为首次从五加科植物中分离得到，1、4～8、12、17～20首次在楤木属中分离得到，20个化合物均为首次在白背叶楤木中分离得到；部分化合物可显著抑制炎症因子IL-6的释放。

Objective To study the triterpenoids from the buds of Aralia chinensis var. nuda and their anti-inflammatory activity in airway. Methods The 70% ethanol extract of the buds of A. chinensis var. nuda was isolated and purified by silica gel, ODS, Sephadex LH-20 and semi-preparative HPLC. The compounds structure was identified based on the physicochemical properties and nuclear magnetic resonance data. The in vitro airway inflammation model established by LPS-induced airway epithelium (16HBE) was used to determine the effect of the compound on the release of inflammatory factor interleukin-6 (IL-6). Results A total of 20 triterpene compounds were isolated from the 70% ethanol extract of the buds of A. chinensis var. nuda and identified as 2β,3β-dihydroxyolean-12-en-28-oic acid 28-O-β-D-glucopyranoside (1), chikusetsusaponin V methyl ester (2), pseudo-ginsenoside-RT₁ (3), hemsloside Mal (4), momordin Ⅱa (5), 3-O-β-D-glucopyranosyl(1→3)-β-D-glucuronopyranoside-28-O-β-D-glucopyranosyl oleanolic acid methyl ester (6), 3-O-[β-D-glucopyranosyl-(1→2)-β-D-(6'-O-ethyl)-glucuronopyranosyl]-oleanolic acid 28-O-β-D-glucopyranoside (7), ginsenoside-Ro-6'-O-butyl ester (8), zingibroside R₁ (9), oleanolic acid 3β-O-β-D-glucopyranosyl-(1→2)-β-D-(6'-O-methyl-glucuronopyranoside) (10), pseudo-ginsenoside-RP₁ (11), momordin Ⅰa (12), narcissiflorine (13), narcissiflorine methyl ester (14), ginsenoside Ro (15), oleanolic acid (16), hederagenin 3-O-β-D-glucuronopyranoside-6'-O-methyl ester (17), quinoasaponin 9 (18), hederagenin 3-O-β-D-glucuronopyranosyl methyl ester-28-O-β-D-glucopyranoside (19), 3-O-[β-D-glucopyranosyl-(1→2)-β-D-glucuronopyranosyl] hederagenin 28-O-β-D-glucopyranoside (20). Compounds 3, 9—14, 17 could effectively reduce the level of inflammatory factor IL-6 in LPS-induced 16HBE cells. Conclusion Compounds 1, 5, 7, 8, 12, and 19 were isolated from Araliaceae plants for the first time, compounds 1, 4—8, 12 and 17—20 were isolated from Aralia genus for the first time. All compounds were isolated from A. chinensis var. nuda for the first time. Some compounds could significantly inhibitted the release of the inflammatory factor IL-6.

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国家自然科学基金项目（82260832）；国家自然科学基金项目（81860760）；云南省中医联合专项（202101AZ070001-159）；云南省“兴滇英才支持计划”（XDYC QNRC-2023-0529）；生物资源数字化开发应用（202002AA100007）；云南省南药可持续利用研究重点实验室项目（202105AG070012）