天麻Gastrodia elata作为我国重要的药食同源植物,其干燥块茎是传统名贵中药材,天麻素可通过抑制β-淀粉样蛋白聚集、减少神经元凋亡等机制,在阿尔茨海默病、帕金森病等神经退行性疾病治疗中发挥关键作用,市场需求持续攀升。目前天麻人工栽培已形成规模,年产量超3万t、产值突破40亿元,但产业发展受到种质退化、产量和质量不稳定等核心问题的制约。以“资源现状-生产育种需求-品种选育研究”为主线,系统梳理天麻育种研究进展,并总结当前成果与未来方向,为构建高效天麻育种体系提供理论框架。

As an important medicinal and edible plant in China, Tianma (Gastrodia elata) has its dried tubers as traditional precious Chinese medicinal materials. Gastrodin can play a crucial role in the treatment of neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimer’s disease and Parkinson’s disease through mechanisms including inhibiting the aggregation of β-amyloid protein and reducing neuronal apoptosis, leading to a continuous rise in market demand. At present, the artificial cultivation of G. elata has formed a scale, with an annual output exceeding 30 000 tons and an output value surpassing 4 billion yuan. However, its industrial development of G. elata is constrained by core issues such as germplasm degeneration and unstable yield and quality. This article systematically reviews the progress in G. elata breeding research along the framework of “resource status-production and breeding demands-cultivar development studies”, summarizes current achievements and future directions, and provides a theoretical framework for constructing an efficient G. elata breeding system.

R286.2

吉林省科技发展计划项目（20210202088NC）