功能性消化不良(functional dyspepsia,FD)是一种以餐后饱胀、早饱、上腹痛为主要症状的常见消化系统疾病,其发病机制涉及胃肠动力障碍、内脏超敏、脑-肠轴失调及肠道微生态失衡等多因素。目前西医治疗存在疗效有限及不良反应等问题,而中医药凭借整体调节和安全性优势,逐渐成为FD治疗的重要选择。多组学技术(转录组学、蛋白质组学、代谢组学、微生物组学)在中医药复杂的“多成分-多靶点-多通路”方面具有全面解析药物发挥具体作用,在揭示中医药治疗FD作用机制方面发挥了重要作用。因此,通过多组学技术的整合应用为系统解析中医药治疗FD的作用机制进行综述,为中医药临床治疗提供科学依据和新视角。

Functional dyspepsia (FD) is a common digestive system disease with postprandial fullness, early satiety, and epigastric pain as the main symptoms, and its pathogenesis involves gastrointestinal motility disorders, visceral hypersensitivity, brain-gut axis disorders, and intestinal microecological imbalance. At present, there are problems such as limited efficacy and side effects in Western medicine, but traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) has gradually become an important choice for FD treatment due to its overall regulation and safety advantages. Multi-omics technology (transcriptomics, proteomics, substitution omics, microbiome) has a comprehensive analysis of the specific role of drug development in the complex “multi-component-multi-target-multi-pathway” of TCM, and has played an important role in revealing the mechanism of action of TCM in the treatment of functional dyspepsia. Therefore, through the integrated application of multi-omics technology, this paper reviews the mechanism of action of TCM in the treatment of FD, and provides a scientific basis and new perspective for the clinical treatment of TCM.

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江西省药品监督管理局科研项目（2022JS29）；2022科技创新团队项目（NYTD202202）；江西省技术创新引导类计划项目（2023KZI01003）；江西省卫生健康委科技创新重点项目（2025ZD001）