含硬角蛋白的动物类中药主要有水牛角、羚羊角、猪蹄甲、穿山甲、人指甲等,具清热、凉血、镇静、定惊、止血、活血消癥、通经下乳等功效,临床应用广泛。系统整理了角蛋白结构特点、来源、提取方法等,归纳总结了几种动物药的物质组成、鉴定方法、生物效应评价,梳理了硬角蛋白在生物材料、农业、食品等领域的开发应用,对含硬角蛋白动物药的作用机制及产品开发提出了思考与展望,为进一步阐明其功效物质基础、作用机制,提升质量标准提供研究思路,为促进动物类中药资源产业的可持续发展提供科学依据。

Animal-derived traditional Chinese medicines (TCMs) mainly composed of hard keratin include Shuiniujiao (Bubali Cornu), Lingyangjiao (Saigae Tataricae Cornu), pig hoof nail, pangolin, human nail, etc. These TCMs have good effects of clearing heat, cooling blood, sedation, calming, stopping bleeding, promoting blood circulation and eliminating symptoms, and promoting menstruation and lactation, which have been widely used in clinical treatment. This article systematically summarizes the structural characteristics, sources, extraction methods, etc. of keratin, and concludes the material composition, identification methods, and biological effect evaluation of several animal-derived TCMs. At the same time, it sorts out the development and application of hard keratin in biomedical materials, agriculture, food industry, and other fields. It puts forward thoughts and prospects on the mechanism of action and material product development of animal-derived TCMs with hard keratin, providing ideas for further elucidating the material basis, mechanism of action, and quality standard improvement of animal medicine efficacy, and providing scientific theoretical basis for promoting the sustainable development of animal-derived TCMs resource industry.

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国家自然科学基金面上项目（82474055）；国家自然科学基金青年项目（82504981）；江苏省自然基金面上项目（BK20241913）；中央本级重大增减支项目“名贵中药资源可持续利用能力建设项目”（2060302）；中药学一流学科“引领计划”项目（ZYXYL2024-011）