目的 分析太子参Pseudostellariae Radix不同加工品的非挥发性成分差异。方法 采用晒干、阴干、低温烘干、高温烘干、略烫后晒干对太子参新鲜块根加工,得到5种太子参不同加工品。建立太子参药材HPLC指纹图谱,通过相似度评价法分析太子参不同加工品整体内在成分的均一性。采用超高效液相色谱-四极杆-静电场轨道阱质谱/质谱(UPLC-Q-Exactive Orbitrap MS/MS)鉴定太子参药材95%乙醇提取物中的环肽类成分,并凭借聚类分析和正交偏最小二乘法-判别分析(orthogonal partial least squares-discriminant analysis,OPLS-DA)揭示太子参不同加工品的环肽类成分差异。结果 建立的指纹图谱具有重复性好、色谱峰分离度高的优点;从不同加工品中共筛选得到20个共有色谱峰;有2个峰为略烫后晒干品新生成的特有色谱峰;各类太子参加工品的指纹图谱相似度均超过0.97。从太子参药材中共鉴定得到14个环肽类成分,分别为太子参环肽A(heterophyllin A,HA)、太子参环肽B(heterophyllin B,HB)、太子参环肽C(heterophyllin C,HC)、太子参环肽D(heterophyllin D,HD)、太子参环肽J(heterophyllin J,HJ)、太子参环肽甲(pseudostellarin A,PA)、太子参环肽乙(pseudostellarin B,PB)、太子参环肽丙(pseudostellarin C,PC)、太子参环肽丁(pseudostellarin D,PD)、太子参环肽戊(pseudostellarin E,PE)、太子参环肽己(pseudostellarin F,PF)、太子参环肽庚(pseudostellarin G PG)、太子参环肽辛(pseudostellarin H,PH)及新的环肽类化合物(pseudostellarin L,PL)。经聚类分析,干燥温度、是否经过沸水烫处理对太子参环肽类成分的影响较大。与低温烘干品相比,高温烘干品中HA、HB、HD、HJ、PA、PF、PG、PE、PL的含量明显较低;与晒干品相比,略烫后晒干品中HA、HB、HC、HD、HJ、PA、PF、PG的含量明显较低,PB、PC、PD、PE、PH、PL这6种环肽成分的差异却不显著。结论 建立的HPLC指纹图谱可用于太子参不同加工品的内在成分分析,为太子参质量控制提供了技术手段。产地加工对太子参药材环肽类成分的影响较显著,太子参加工环节的合理化与标准化需要得到关注与重视。

Objective The differences of non-volatile components in different processed products of Taizishen (Pseudostellariae Radix, PR) were analyzed. Methods Five different processed products of PR were obtained by drying in the sun, drying in the shade, low temperature drying, high temperature drying, and drying in the sun after slightly scalding. The HPLC fingerprint of PR was established, and then the homogeneity of the internal components of different processed products of PR was analyzed by similarity evaluation method. UPLC-Q-Exactive Orbitrap MS/MS was used to identify the cyclic peptides in 95% ethanol extract of PR. Cluster analysis and orthogonal partial least squares-discriminant analysis (OPLS-DA) were used to reveal the differences of cyclic peptides in different processed products of PR. Results The established fingerprint has the advantages of good repeatability and high resolution of chromatographic peaks. A total of 20 common chromatographic peaks were screened from different processed products. There were two unique chromatographic peaks newly generated from sun-dried products after slight scalding. The similarity of fingerprints of all kinds of processed products of PR exceeded 0.97. A total of 14 cyclic peptide components were identified from PR. They were heterophyllin A (HA), heterophyllin B (HB), heterophyllin C (HC), heterophyllin D (HD), heterophyllin J (HJ), pseudostellarin A (PA), pseudostellarin B (PB), pseudostellarin C (PC), pseudostellarin D (PD), pseudostellarin E (PE), pseudostellarin F (PF), pseudostellarin G (PG), pseudostellarin H (PH) and pseudostellarin L (PL). Cluster analysis showed that the drying temperature and boiled water treatment had a great effect on the cyclic peptide components of PR. Compared with low temperature drying products, the contents of HA, HB, HD, HJ, PA, PF, PG, PE and PL in high temperature drying products were significantly lower. Compared with sun-dried products, the contents of HA, HB, HC, HD, HJ, PA, PF and PG in sun-dried products after blanching were significantly lower, while the differences of PB, PC, PD, PE, PH and PL were not significant. Conclusion The established HPLC fingerprint can be used to analyze the internal components of different processed products of PR, which provides a technical means for the quality control of PR. The processing in the producing area has a significant effect on the cyclic peptide components of PR, and the rationalization and standardization of the processing of PR need to be paid attention to.

R283.6

国家自然科学基金项目（81960715）；江西省重点研发计划“揭榜挂帅”项目（20223BBG71001）