中药材作为传统医药的核心，其质量直接影响临床疗效与用药安全。然而，当前市场存在的物种混淆、掺假掺杂及产地不明等问题，严重制约了产业发展。传统鉴定方法（如性状鉴定、显微鉴定等）及早期分子标记技术在操作便捷性、准确性、特异性和稳定性等方面存在明显局限。近年来，多核苷酸多态性（multiple nucleotide polymorphism，MNP）分子标记技术凭借其高特异性、高灵敏度、高通量和稳定性好等优势，已展现出作为中药材全产业链质量监控突破性工具的潜力。本文系统综述了MNP分子标记技术的原理，并重点探讨了其在中药材鉴定、掺假检测、产地溯源等方面的研究进展和应用前景。结合国家标准《植物品种鉴定—MNP标记法》（GB/T 38551-2020），本文进一步提出了构建中药材MNP标记技术鉴定标准化体系的思考与建议，以期为提升中药材质量、推动中药现代化与国际化进程提供技术支持和参考依据。

As the cornerstone of traditional medicine, the quality of Chinese herbal medicines (CHMs) directly impacts clinical efficacy and medication safety. However, common problems such as species misidentification, adulteration, and unclear geographical pose significant challenges to quality control and the development of the CHMs. Traditional identification methods, such as morphological and microscopic techniques, along with early molecular markers exhibit notable limitations in operational efficiency, accuracy, specificity, and stability. In recent years, Multiple Nucleotide Polymorphism (MNP) markers have emerged as a groundbreaking tool for comprehensive quality monitoring across the CHMs supply chain, which was driven by their outstanding features: high specificity, sensitivity, throughput, and stability. This review provides a systematic overview of the principles of MNP technology and its advancements in applications related to Chinese herbal medicine, such as identification, detection of adulteration, and tracing of geographical origin. Furthermore, based on the national standard "Plant Variety Identification—MNP Marker Method" (GB/T 38551-2020), this paper further proposes considerations and recommendations for establishing a standardized system for MNP marker technology identification of CHMs, aiming to provide technical support for improving the quality of CHMs, and promoting the modernization and internationalization of traditional Chinese medicine.

R286.2

湖北省教育厅科学技术研究计划青年人才项目（Q20244404，Q20234406）；江汉大学校级科研项目（2023KJZX43）