夹竹桃化学成分丰富多样，具有祛风止痉、镇痛除瘀、散结消肿等传统功效。现代药理学研究证实，其兼具强心、抗癌、抑菌和镇痛镇静等药理活性，对心力衰竭、晚期癌症及跌打损伤均显示潜在治疗价值。然而，其毒性剧烈、不良反应突出，且未被《中国药典》2020年版收载，导致质量评价与临床使用缺乏统一规范。鉴于此，系统梳理了夹竹桃的化学成分、药理作用及毒理研究，并结合文献研究对其质量标志物（quality marker，Q-Marker）进行预测分析。综合植物亲缘学及化学成分特有性、有效性、传统药性、质量传递与溯源及化学成分可测性5个维度，提出夹竹桃苷、黄花夹竹桃次苷丁、黄花夹竹桃次苷乙、夹竹桃苷A、欧夹竹桃苷、齐墩果酸、(＋)-羽扇豆醇、β-谷甾醇、山柰酚和槲皮素可作为夹竹桃潜在的Q-Marker。为构建夹竹桃质量评价体系提供了科学依据，也为深入探究其“药效-毒性-临床”内在关联提供重要参考。

Jiazhutao (Nerium oleander) contains diverse chemical constituents and possesses traditional medicinal properties such as dispelling wind to relieve convulsions, alleviating pain and dissipating blood stasis, and dispersing nodules to reduce swelling. Modern pharmacological studies have confirmed its multiple bioactivities, including cardiotonic, anticancer, antibacterial, analgesic, and sedative effects, demonstrating particular value in treating heart failure, advanced cancer, and traumatic injuries. However, the significant toxicity and adverse reactions associated with N. oleander cannot be ignored. Moreover, because it is not included in the Chinese Pharmacopoeia (2020 edition), its quality evaluation and clinical application have long lacked unified standards. Consequently, this review systematically summarizes recent advances in the chemical constituents, pharmacological actions, and toxicological research of N. oleander. Furthermore, based on literature analysis, we performed a predictive analysis of its potential quality markers (Q-Marker). The analysis comprehensively considered five dimensions: plant phylogenetics, as well as the specificity, effectiveness, traditional medicinal properties, quality transference and traceability, and measurability of chemical constituents. It proposes that compounds such as oleandrin, nerifolin, thevetin B, oleandrin A, nerioside, oleanolic acid, (+)-lupeol, β-sitosterol, kaempferol, and quercetin may serve as potential Q-Markers for N. oleander. This review not only provides a robust scientific foundation for establishing a quality evaluation system for N. oleander but also offers a reference for further in-depth exploration of the interrelationship among the efficacy, toxicity, and clinical application of this plant.

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山西省高等教育“百亿工程”科技引导专项、煤炭环境致病与防治教育部重点实验室；山西省自然科学项目青年项目（202303021222339）