中枢神经系统疾病（central nervous system diseases，CNSD）已成为日益严峻的全球性健康难题。中医药在CNSD方面展现独特的疗效与丰富的临床实践积累。淫羊藿Epimedii Folium作为一味传统中药，通过多靶点调控、多通路干预及多途径作用机制在神经系统疾病的治疗中发挥重要作用。随着淫羊藿药理作用的不断深入研究，发现其活性成分淫羊藿苷、淫羊藿素、淫羊藿次苷II等是治疗CNSD的主要物质基础。淫羊藿活性成分可通过抑制炎症反应与氧化应激、抑制β-淀粉样蛋白沉积与微管相关蛋白异常磷酸化、抑制细胞凋亡、调节细胞自噬、改善神经元功能、调节神经递质等途径在阿尔茨海默病、帕金森病、癫痫、多发性硬化、脑缺血再灌注损伤、焦虑障碍、抑郁症、精神分裂症等CNSD中发挥作用。通过总结淫羊藿活性成分及其复方干预CNSD的作用机制，为进一步开发药物与临床运用奠定理论基础，为淫羊藿在CNSD研究中提供新的治疗方案和思路。

Central nervous system diseases (CNSD) have become an increasingly serious global health problem. Traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) has demonstrated unique therapeutic effects and rich clinical practice accumulation in CNSD. Yinyanghuo (Epimedii Folium), as a TCM, plays an important role in treatment of neurological diseases through multi-target regulation, multi-pathway intervention and multi-pathway mechanism of action. With the continuous in-depth research on the pharmacological effects of Epimedii Folium, it has been found that the active components such as icariin, icaritin, and icarisid II in Epimedii Folium are the main material basis for treatment of CNSD. The active ingredients of Epimedii Folium can play a role in CNSD such as Alzheimer’s disease, Parkinson disease, epilepsy, multiple sclerosis, cerebral ischemia-reperfusion injury, anxiety disorders, depression, and mental disorders by inhibiting inflammatory responses and oxidative stress, suppressing β-amyloid protein deposition and abnormal phosphorylation of microtubule-associated proteins, inhibiting apoptosis, regulating autophagy, improving neuronal function, and regulating neurotransmitters. This article summarizes the active components of Epimedii Folium and the mechanism of its compound prescriptions in CNSD, laying a theoretical foundation for the further development of drugs and clinical application, and providing new treatment plans and ideas for Epimedii Folium in research of CNSD.

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四大慢病重大专项（2023ZD0505600）