阿尔茨海默病（Alzheimer’s disease，AD）是一种以学习和记忆能力渐进性退化为特征的中枢神经退行性疾病。随着人口老龄化的加剧，AD发病率有逐年增加的趋势，对人们的健康造成严重威胁。目前对AD的发病机制尚未完全阐明，且临床上仍缺乏治疗AD的有效药物。传统中药以其天然成分多活性的特点，在复杂多因素疾病的治疗中占优势。研究发现枸杞子的主要活性成分枸杞多糖（Lycium barbarum polysaccharide，LBP）在AD治疗方面有一定潜力，表现出抗炎、抗凋亡、保护线粒体和抗氧化性质，能够发挥抑制β淀粉样蛋白异常沉积，抑制Tau蛋白过度磷酸化，调节神经递质，恢复突触可塑性，调节微生物-肠-脑轴，改善胰岛素抵抗等功能，从而实现对AD的预防和治疗。通过对LBP治疗AD的药理分子机制进行分析，为LBP防治AD的进一步研究提供参考。

Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is a neurodegenerative disorder of the central nervous system characterized by progressive deterioration of learning and memory functions. With the intensification of population aging, the incidence of AD continues to rise annually, posing a significant public health threat. Currently, the pathogenesis of AD remains incompletely elucidated, and clinically effective treatments are still lacking. Traditional Chinese medicine (TCM), with its characteristic multi-component composition and multi-target activity, offers advantages in treating complex multifactorial diseases. Studies indicate that Lycium barbarum polysaccharide (LBP), the primary active component of Gouqizi (Lycii Fructus), exhibits promising therapeutic potential for AD through its effects including anti-inflammatory, anti-apoptotic, mitochondrial protective, and anti-oxidant properties and functions of inhibiting β-amyloid (Aβ) abnormal deposition and Tau protein hyperphosphorylation, regulating neurotransmitter, restoring synaptic plasticity, modulating the microbiota-gut-brain axis, and improving insulin resistance, contributing to AD prevention and treatment. This study analyzes the pharmacological mechanisms underlying LBP’s therapeutic effects in AD, providing a reference for future research on the prevention and treatment of AD by LBP.

R285

四川省基层卫生中心项目（SWFZ24-Y-70）；南充市社会科学界联合会项目（NC25B240）；川北医学院博士启动基金（CBY23-QDA29）