天麻Gastrodiae Rhizoma已有两千多年的药用及食用历史，是一种名贵的药食同源中药。多糖作为天麻中重要的活性成分之一，具有抗氧化、抗衰老、抗炎、抑菌、抑制肿瘤、增强免疫、改善记忆、治疗心脑血管疾病、神经系统疾病、缓解非酒精性脂肪肝、缓解骨质疏松、调节肠道微生物等功效，在食品、功能性食品、医药和化妆品领域有广阔的应用前景。通过中国知网、Web of Science等数据库查阅国内外文献，分析当前天麻多糖的研究现状及热点；综述天麻多糖的提取纯化、结构表征、结构修饰、药理活性及其在食品、保健品、药品、化妆品等领域的应用进展，为天麻多糖的深入研究和广泛应用提供理论基础。

Tianma (Gastrodiae Rhizoma) boasts a history of over two thousand years for both medicinal and edible purposes, representing a precious dual-purpose medicinal and edible herb. Polysaccharides, as one of its key bioactive components, exhibit a wide range of pharmacological effects including antioxidant, anti-aging, anti-inflammatory, antibacterial, antitumor, immune-enhancing, memory-improving activities, along with therapeutic potential for cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases, neurological disorders, non-alcoholic fatty liver disease, osteoporosis, and the regulation of gut microbiota. Consequently, they hold promising application prospects in the fields of food, functional foods, medicine, and cosmetics. This review analyzes the current research status and hotspots concerning Gastrodia elata polysaccharides by examining domestic and international literature retrieved from databases such as CNKI and Web of Science. It further summarizes recent advances in the extraction, purification, structural characterization, structural modification, and pharmacological activities of Gastrodia elata polysaccharides, as well as their applications in food, health products, pharmaceuticals, and cosmetics. The aim is to provide a theoretical basis for the in-depth research and broader utilization of Gastrodia elata polysaccharides.

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陕西省重点研发项目（2025NC-YBXM-308）；陕西省教育厅重点科学研究计划项目（23JY017）；陕西理工大学“市校共建”科研专项（SXC-2301）；陕西理工大学科研项目（SLGRCQD045）