目的 采用文献计量学对小檗碱的研究动态和关注焦点进行可视化分析，以期为小檗碱的深入研究和应用提供理论支持。方法 以小檗碱为关键词，检索中国知网（CNKI）、万方（Wanfang）、维普（VIP）、Web of Science（WOS）4个数据库，将文献导入NoteExpress文献管理软件进行查重和筛选。使用Excel、CiteSpace、VOSviewer等软件，从发文趋势与国家分布、发文机构、发文作者、关键词等层面，对国内外小檗碱研究现状进行可视化分析。结果 共检索到符合要求的文献11 219篇，其中中文文献6 517篇（58.07%），英文文献4 702篇（41.93%）。小檗碱研究领域目前处于稳定发展阶段，研究主体集中于中国，国际学术关注度也逐年提高，年发文量呈现持续上升趋势。科研合作网络分析表明，文献作者间呈明显的区块化分布，中国中医科学院中药研究所是最大的机构合作中心。基于高频关键词共现分析表明，当前研究热点聚焦于小檗碱在糖尿病治疗、细胞凋亡与自噬、胰岛素抵抗、抗菌活性及肠道微生物群调节等分子机制研究领域。此外，中文文献也特别关注小檗碱提取纯化工艺优化、质量评价标准建立及新型给药系统研发等应用型研究方向。结论 小檗碱研究领域受到持续关注，利用多组学技术进行机制解析、开发符合精准医疗需求的新剂型以及探索新的适应证将成为小檗碱未来的研究趋势。此外，为了深入挖掘小檗碱的潜力，应进一步加强跨学科协作并结合新技术。

Objective To visualize and analyze the research dynamics and focus of attention of berberine by bibliometrics, with a view to providing theoretical support for the in-depth research and application of berberine. Methods With berberine as the keyword, four databases were searched, namely, China National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI), Wanfang, VIP, and Web of Science (WOS), and the literature was imported into NoteExpress literature management software for duplicate checking and screening. Using Excel, CiteSpace, and VOSviewer, the current status of domestic and international berberine research was visually analyzed from the levels of issuing trend and country distribution, issuing institutions, issuing authors, and keywords. Results A total of 11 219 articles were retrieved that met the requirements, including 6517 articles (58.07%) in Chinese and 4702 articles (41.93%) in English. The research field of berberine is now in a stable development stage, with the main body of research concentrated in China, and the international academic attention is also increasing year by year, and the annual number of publications shows a continuous upward trend. Analysis of the research collaboration network showed that there was a clear block distribution among the authors of the literature, and the Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences was the largest institutional collaboration center. Based on the analysis of high-frequency keyword co-occurrence, the current research hotspots focused on the molecular mechanisms of berberine in diabetes treatment, apoptosis and autophagy, insulin resistance, antimicrobial activity, and regulation of intestinal microbiota. In addition, the Chinese literature also pays special attention to the optimization of berberine extraction and purification process, the establishment of quality evaluation standards, and the development of new drug delivery systems and other application-oriented research directions. Conclusion The research field of berberine has received continuous attention, and the utilization of multi-omics technology for mechanism analysis, the development of new dosage forms that meet the needs of precision medicine, and the exploration of new indications will become the future research trend of berberine. In addition, in order to further explore the potential of berberine, interdisciplinary collaboration and new technologies should be further strengthened.

G350;R284;R285

国家自然科学基金资助项目（82174065）；云南省朱兆云院士工作站（202405AF140128）；云南省科技厅社会发展专项-重点研发计划项目（202303AC100025）；国家中医药管理局“十二五”重点学科——傣药学；云南省教育厅科学研究基金项目（2024Y379）；云南省中西医结合慢病防治重点实验室开放基金资助项目（YPKLG2024-016）；云南省傣医药与彝医药重点实验室资助项目（2024SS24074）