目的 比较霍山石斛Dendrobium huoshanense鲜、干品对急性胃炎大鼠的胃黏膜保护作用。方法 雄性SD大鼠随机分为对照组、模型组、奥美拉唑（20 mg/kg）组及霍山石斛鲜品低、中、高剂量（3.5、7.0、14.0 g/kg）组和霍山石斛干品低、中、高剂量（0.7、1.4、2.8 g/kg）组，每组8只。大鼠给予药物干预7 d后，ig无水乙醇（4 mL/kg）诱导急性胃炎模型，1 h后采集大鼠血清和胃组织样本。肉眼观察及苏木素-伊红（HE）染色检测胃黏膜损伤情况；AB-PAS染色测定胃黏液分泌水平；免疫荧光测定胃组织中闭锁小带蛋白-1（zonula occludens-1，ZO-1）、闭合蛋白（Occludin）表达；ELISA法测定血清中白细胞介素-1β（interleukin-1β，IL-1β）、IL-6、肿瘤坏死因子-α（tumor necrosis factor-α，TNF-α）含量，测定胃组织中黏蛋白5AC（mucin 5AC，MUC5AC）、黏蛋白1（mucin 1，MUC1）、黏蛋白6（mucin 6，MUC6）、前列腺素E₂（prostaglandin E₂，PGE₂）、一氧化氮（nitric oxide，NO）、表皮生长因子（epidermal growth factor，EGF）、丙二醛（malondialdehyde，MDA）、谷胱甘肽（glutathione，GSH）含量及超氧化物歧化酶（superoxide dismutase，SOD）活性；Western blotting测定胃组织中核因子E2相关因子2（nuclear factor E2-related factor2，Nrf2）、血红素加氧酶-1（heme oxygenase-1，HO-1）蛋白表达。结果 与对照组比较，模型组大鼠胃黏膜损伤严重，胃黏膜黏液分泌减少（P＜0.001），胃组织中MUC5AC、MUC1、MUC6、PGE₂、EGF、GSH水平及SOD活性显著降低（P＜0.05、0.001），胃组织中NO、MDA水平显著升高（P＜0.05、0.001），血清中IL-1β、IL-6、TNF-α水平显著升高（P＜0.001），胃黏膜屏障中Occludin、ZO-1表达显著下调（P＜0.001），胃组织中Nrf2、HO-1表达显著下调（P＜0.001）。与模型组比较，霍山石斛鲜、干品预处理后均能改善急性胃炎模型大鼠胃黏膜损伤和胃黏膜出血状况，增加胃黏膜黏液分泌（P＜0.01、0.001），胃组织中MUC5AC、MUC1、MUC6、PGE₂、EGF、GSH水平及SOD活性显著升高（P＜0.05、0.01、0.001），胃组织中NO、MDA水平显著降低（P＜0.05、0.01、0.001），血清中IL-1β、IL-6、TNF-α水平显著降低（P＜0.05、0.01、0.001），胃黏膜屏障中Occludin、ZO-1表达显著上调（P＜0.01、0.001），胃组织中Nrf2、HO-1表达显著上调（P＜0.05、0.01、0.001）。与霍山石斛干品比较，霍山石斛鲜品对以上指标的调控作用更为显著（P＜0.05、0.01、0.001）。结论 霍山石斛能够改善急性胃炎模型大鼠胃黏膜损伤，且霍山石斛鲜品在急性胃炎模型大鼠中的效果优于霍山石斛干品。

Objective To compare the protective effects of fresh and dried Dendrobium huoshanense on gastric mucosa of rats with acute gastritis. Methods Male SD rats were randomly divided into control group, model group, omeprazole (20 mg/kg) group, low-, medium-, and high-dose (3.5, 7.0, 14.0 g/kg) groups of fresh D. huoshanense, low-, medium-, and high-dose (0.7, 1.4, 2.8 g/kg) groups of dried D. huoshanense, with eight rats in each group. After 7 d of drug intervention, an acute gastritis model was induced by ig anhydrous ethanol (4 mL/kg), and serum and gastric tissue samples were collected from rats 1 h later. Gastric mucosal injury was assessed through macroscopic observation and hematoxylin-eosin (HE) staining; Gastric mucus secretion was measured using AB-PAS staining; The expressions of zonula occludens-1 (ZO-1) and Occludin in gastric tissues were determined by immunofluorescence; Contents of interleukin-1β (IL-1β), IL-6 and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) in serum were measured using ELISA, the contents of mucin 5AC (MUC5AC), mucin 1 (MUC1), mucin 6 (MUC6), prostaglandin E₂ (PGE₂), nitric oxide (NO), epidermal growth factor (EGF), malondialdehyde (MDA), glutathione (GSH) and activity of superoxide dismutase (SOD) in gastric tissues were measured; The protein expressions of nuclear factor E2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) and heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) in gastric tissues were detected by Western blotting. Results Compared with control group, rats in model group exhibited severe gastric mucosal injury, gastric mucus secretion was reduced (P < 0.001), levels of MUC5AC, MUC1, MUC6, PGE₂, EGF, GSH and activity of SOD in gastric tissues were significantly decreased (P < 0.05, 0.001), levels of NO and MDA in gastric tissue were significantly increased (P < 0.05, 0.001), levels of IL-1β, IL-6 and TNF-α in serum were significantly increased (P < 0.001), expressions of Occludin and ZO-1 in gastric mucosal barrier were significantly down-regulated (P < 0.001), and the expressions of Nrf2 and HO-1 in gastric tissue were significantly down-regulated (P < 0.001). Compared with model group, pre-treatment with fresh and dried D. huoshanense could improve gastric mucosal damage and gastric mucosal bleeding in acute gastritis model rats, increase gastric mucosal mucus secretion (P < 0.01, 0.001), significantly increase the levels of MUC5AC, MUC1, MUC6, PGE₂, EGF, GSH and activity of SOD in gastric tissue (P < 0.05, 0.01, 0.001), significantly reduce the levels of NO and MDA in gastric tissue (P < 0.05, 0.01, 0.001), significantly reduce the levels of IL-1β, IL-6 and TNF-α in serum (P < 0.05, 0.01, 0.001), significantly up-regulate the expressions of Occludin and ZO-1 in gastric mucosal barrier (P < 0.01, 0.001), and significantly up-regulate the expressions of Nrf2 and HO-1 in gastric tissue (P < 0.05, 0.01, 0.001). Compared with dried D. huoshanense, fresh D. huoshanense had a more significant regulatory effect on the above indicators (P < 0.05, 0.01, 0.001). Conclusion D. huoshanense can improve gastric mucosal damage in acute gastritis model rats, and the effect of fresh D. huoshanense is better than that of dried D. huoshanense in acute gastritis model rats.

R285.5

安徽省中药科技攻关项目（202303a07020005）；国家中医药管理局高水平中医药重点学科中药资源学（药用植物学）建设项目（zyyzdxk-2023095）；安徽省高校科研计划项目团队项目（2022AH010036）