摘 要：目的 对24份不同产地石斛属样品的遗传多样性和亲缘关系进行分析。方法 采用ISSR分子标记技术和非加权平均距离法（UPGMA）对24份石斛属样品进行遗传多样性和聚类分析。结果 从100条ISSR引物中共筛选出6条多态性稳定、清晰的引物， 24份石斛样品共扩增出847个DNA片段，平均每个引物扩增出141个DNA片段，其多态性为100%。结论 24份不同产地石斛样品被划分为6个类群，遗传多样性非常丰富。

Abstract: Objective To analyze the genetic diversity and genetic relationship of 24 plant samples in Dendrobium SW. from different habitats. Methods The molecular marker technique of inter-simple sequence repeat (ISSR) and unweighted pair-group method with arithmetic means (UPGMA) were used to study the genetic diversity and cluster analysis of 24 samples. Results Six primers with stable and clear diversity were sieved from 100 ISSR primers. DNA fragments (847) were amplified from 24 samples, and 141 DNA fragments were amplified from each primer in average, with 100% of polymorphic bands. Conclusion The 24 samples in plants of Dendrobium SW. from different habitats are divided into six groups and the genetic diversity is very abundant.

农业部热带作物种质资源保护项目（12RZZY-39）；广西科技攻关项目（桂科攻1222009-4）；广西农科院项目（201014，2011YZ11，2012GW03）