目的 针对苍耳子Xanthium sibiricum药材存在基原混杂的现状，系统开展正品苍耳子与伪品蒙古苍耳子X. mongolicum、意大利苍耳子X. strumarium subsp. italicum的化学成分含量差异对比分析，多维度筛选苍耳子专属质量标志物（quality marker，Q-Marker），以期为苍耳子质量控制、正伪品鉴别及相关研究提供参考。方法 建立正品苍耳子UPLC指纹图谱，标定共有峰并指认主要成分；基于指纹图谱定性结果开展网络药理学分析，预测候选成分的药理作用；选取3个代表性成分进行含量测定，结合显著性差异分析、主成分分析（principal component analysis，PCA）和正交偏最小二乘法-判别分析（orthogonal partial least squares-discriminant analysis，OPLS-DA）比较正伪品化学差异，对苍耳子进行综合评价。结果 正品苍耳子指纹图谱共标定11个共有峰，经对照品指认出新绿原酸、隐绿原酸、绿原酸、咖啡酸、异绿原酸B、异绿原酸A和异绿原酸C，相似度均大于0.98。网络药理学分析显示，7个成分可作用于丝裂原活化蛋白激酶1（mitogen-activated protein kinase 1，MAPK1）、v-Rel禽网状内皮瘤病毒癌基因同源物A（v-rel avian reticuloendotheliosis viral oncogene homolog A，RELA）、蛋白激酶Cα亚型（protein kinase C alpha，PRKCA）等核心靶点，富集于沙门氏菌感染、中性粒细胞胞外陷阱形成、人乳头瘤病毒感染等与抗菌、抗病毒感染和炎症相关的信号通路。含量测定显示，正品中绿原酸含量相对稳定，野外采集伪品中绿原酸含量显著低于正品，异绿原酸A和异绿原酸C在正伪品间无显著差异。PCA与OPLS-DA结果表明，野外采集的正品与伪品在主成分空间中明显分离，绿原酸为差异性成分。结论 综合UPLC指纹图谱、网络药理学与含量测定结果，绿原酸可作为苍耳子核心Q-Marker，且正品苍耳子与伪品蒙古苍耳子、意大利苍耳子中绿原酸的平均含量有显著差异，可为苍耳子药材的真伪鉴别及质量评价提供参考。

Objective Given the current issue of botanical origin adulteration in Xanthium sibiricum, this study systematically compared the differences in chemical contents between the genuine drug and its two common counterfeits, X. mongolicum and X. strumarium subsp. italicum, and performed multidimensional screening for specific quality markers (Q-Marker) of the genuine product, so as to offer a reference for quality control, identification of genuineness and counterfeits, and related investigations. Methods A UPLC-based fingerprint profile of genuine X. sibiricum was established. Common peaks were calibrated and major chemical constituents were identified. Network pharmacology analysis was performed based on fingerprint data to predict the pharmacological activities of candidate compounds. Three representative components were subjected to quantitative analysis. Comparative chemical differences between genuine and counterfeit samples were assessed via significance-difference analysis, principal component analysis (PCA) and orthogonal partial least squares-discriminant analysis (OPLS-DA) for comprehensive quality evaluation. Results Eleven common characteristic peaks were calibrated in the UPLC fingerprint of genuine X. sibiricum. Seven compounds including neochlorogenic acid, cryptochlorogenic acid, chlorogenic acid, caffeic acid, isochlorogenic acid B, isochlorogenic acid A, isochlorogenic acid C were unambiguously identified using reference standards, with fingerprint similarity values above 0.98. Network-pharmacology results revealed that the seven compounds were predicted to act on core targets such as mitogen-activated protein kinase 1 (MAPK1), v-rel avian reticuloendotheliosis viral oncogene homolog A (RELA) and protein kinase C alpha (PRKCA). Enrichment analysis indicated the relevant pathways were involved in salmonella infection, neutrophil extracellular trap formation and human papillomavirus infection, which were closely associated with antibacterial, antiviral and anti-inflammatory effects. Quantitative analysis demonstrated that chlorogenic acid remained at a relatively stable level in genuine samples, whereas its content was markedly lower in field-collected counterfeit samples. No significant differences in the contents of isochlorogenic acid A and isochlorogenic acid C were observed between genuine and counterfeit groups. PCA and OPLS-DA indicated that the field-collected genuine and counterfeit samples were clearly separated in the score plot, and chlorogenic acid was pinpointed as the key differential marker. Conclusion Based on the results of UPLC fingerprint, network pharmacology and content determination, chlorogenic acid can be used as the core quality marker of X. sibiricum, and the average content of chlorogenic acid in genuine X. sibiricum is significantly different from that in counterfeit X. mongolicum and X. strumarium subsp. italicum, which can provide reference for the authenticity identification and quality evaluation of X. sibiricum.

R283.6