红禾麻是贵州特色民族药材，为珠芽艾麻Laportea bulbifera或大蝎子草Girardinia diversifolia的新鲜或干燥全草，具有祛风除湿、活血化瘀、解毒消肿等功效。现行质量标准仅以β-谷甾醇作为其定性鉴别指标，专属性及功效关联性不足。以质量标志物（quality marker，Q-Marker）理论为核心，结合整合药理学，从Q-Marker特有性、有效性和可测性3个维度梳理红禾麻研究进展。现有研究表明，产地、加工、生境及种质等因素均可影响红禾麻的化学组成，2种基原及易混淆品之间亦存在化学差异。珠芽艾麻中的芦丁、山柰酚-3-O-芸香糖苷、新绿原酸、绿原酸和隐绿原酸等成分与抗炎、抗风湿作用密切相关，部分成分可到达关节腔。大蝎子草中含有紫云英苷、对羟基肉桂酸和东莨菪内酯等成分，其中紫云英苷具有一定的质量评价潜力。基于现有证据，建议珠芽艾麻以芦丁作为主要定量候选Q-Marker，以山柰酚-3-O-芸香糖苷及苯丙素类成分对应的色谱峰作为指纹图谱特征峰；大蝎子草以紫云英苷作为定量候选指标，以对羟基肉桂酸和东莨菪内酯对应的色谱峰作为指纹图谱特征峰。未来应加强候选Q-Marker的实验验证和体内暴露与药效关联研究，完善2种基原的药效物质基础，重点补充大蝎子草相关研究，为红禾麻差异化质量标准的完善提供依据。

Honghema, a representative ethnic medicine from Guizhou, ]consists of the fresh or dried whole plant of Laportea bulbifera (Sieb. et Zucc.) Wedd. or Girardinia diversifolia (Link) Friis, and possesses the functions of dispelling wind and dampness, activating blood and removing stasis, detoxifying and reducing swelling. The current quality standards only take β-sitosterol as its qualitative identification index, which lacks specificity and efficacy correlation. Centered on the theory of quality markers (Q-Marker) and combined with integrative pharmacology, the research progress of Honghema is sorted out from three dimensions: specificity, effectiveness and measurability. The current studies show that factors such as place of origin, processing, habitat, and germplasm can affect the chemical composition of Honghema, and differences also exist between the two original sources and easily confused varieties. Rutin, kaempferol-3-O-rutinoside, neochlorogenic acid, chlorogenic acid, and cryptochlorogenic acid in L. bulbifera are associated with anti-inflammatory and antirheumatic effects, and some components can reach the articular cavity. Astragalin, p-hydroxycinnamic acid, and scopoletin have been reported in G. diversifolia, with astragalin showing potential for quality evaluation. Based on existing evidence, it is recommended that rutin be used as the primary quantitative candidate Q-Marker for L. bulbifera, and the chromatographic peaks corresponding to kaempferol-3-O-rutinoside and phenylpropanoids as characteristic fingerprint peaks; for G. diversifolia, astragalin should be used as the quantitative candidate indicator, and the chromatographic peaks corresponding to p-hydroxycinnamic acid and scopoletin as characteristic fingerprint peaks. Future research should focus on strengthening the experimental validation of candidate Q-Markers and the correlation between in vivo exposure and pharmacodynamics, further investigating the the pharmacological material basis of both botanical sources, with particular attention to G. diversifolia, and providing a basis for improving Honghema’s differentiated quality standards.

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国家自然科学基金区域创新发展联合基金（U25A20167）；国家自然科学基金（82404819，82574682）；辽宁省科学技术计划项目（2025JH2/101800286）；中央级公益性科研院所基本科研业务费专项资金资助（ZXKT25041）；贵州省科技计划项目（黔科合基础-ZK[2024]重点049）；国家中医药管理局青年岐黄学者培养项目（国中医药人教函[2026]9号）