乳香是我国传统常用中药，具有活血止痛、消肿生肌等功效，临床应用历史悠久。从乳香中已分离鉴定出400余种化合物，其中二萜类和三萜类化合物为其主要活性成分。乳香及其活性成分具有抗炎、护肝、抗肿瘤等药理作用，其作用机制涉及抑制炎症介质释放、调控氧化应激等多个层面。综述了近几年乳香化学成分及药理作用的研究进展，以期为乳香的进一步开发利用及相关基础与临床研究提供参考。

Ruxiang (Olibanum) is a commonly used traditional Chinese medicinal material with a long history of clinical application, and it is known for its effects of promoting blood circulation, relieving pain, reducing swelling, and promoting tissue regeneration. To date, more than 400 compounds have been isolated and identified from Olibanum, among which diterpenoids and triterpenoids are considered the major bioactive constituents. Olibanum and its active components exhibit a wide range of pharmacological activities, including anti-inflammatory, hepatoprotective, and antitumor effects. The underlying mechanisms involve multiple pathways, such as the inhibition of inflammatory mediator release and the regulation of oxidative stress. This review summarizes the recent advances in the chemical constituents and pharmacological activities of Olibanum, aiming to provide a reference for its further development and utilization, as well as for related basic and clinical research.

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