根际微生物作为植物根系区域的核心生态因子，其群落结构与功能多样性直接影响药用植物养分利用、逆境响应及次生代谢产物合成。系统阐明根际微生物调控药用植物品质的作用机制，对发展基于微生态调控的生态化栽培技术、稳定药材道地性具有重要意义。系统综述了根际微生物通过改善营养吸收、调控内源激素平衡、诱导系统抗性（induced systemic resistance,ISR）及直接参与活性成分合成等途径影响药用植物品质的核心机制，总结根系分泌物介导的根际微生态调控、微生物菌剂改良及合成菌群构建等应用策略，并剖析功能菌剂田间定殖不稳定、与土著微生物竞争等实际瓶颈，旨在为药用植物根际微生态与道地药材绿色生产提供理论参考。

As a core ecological factor in the root zone of plants, rhizosphere microorganisms’ community structure and functional diversity directly affect medicinal plants’ nutrient utilization, stress response, and secondary metabolite synthesis. Systematically elucidating the mechanisms by which rhizosphere microorganisms regulate medicinal plant quality is of great significance for developing ecological cultivation techniques based on microecological regulation and stabilizing the genuine characteristics of medicinal herbs. This paper systematically reviews the core mechanisms by which rhizosphere microorganisms influence medicinal plant quality through improving nutrient absorption, regulating endogenous hormone balance, inducing systemic resistance (ISR), and directly participating in the synthesis of active compounds. It also summarizes application strategies such as rhizosphere microecological regulation mediated by root exudates, microbial inoculant improvement, and construction of synthetic microbial communities, while analyzing practical bottlenecks such as unstable field colonization of functional microbial inoculants and competition with native microorganisms, aiming to provide a theoretical reference for the rhizosphere microecology of medicinal plants and the green production of authentic medicinal herbs.

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甘肃省高校产业支撑计划项目（2025CYZC-050）；甘肃省联合科研基金一般项目（24JRRA883）；甘肃省联合科研基金一般项目（25JRRA1179）；甘肃省青年博士基金项目（2024QB—089）；甘肃中医药大学研究生创新创业基金项目（2026CXCY-329，2026CXCY-339）