目的 筛选滇重楼Paris polyphylla var. yunnanensis优质种质资源，揭示表型性状同皂苷含量之间的关联，为滇重楼种质资源挖掘和良种选育奠定基础。方法 通过遗传多样性分析、相关性分析、聚类分析（cluster analysis，CA）、主成分分析（principal component analysis，PCA）、偏最小二乘-判别分析（partial least square-discriminant analysis，PLS-DA）和偏最小二乘-回归分析（partial least square-regression analysis，PLS-R），对筛选出的41份滇重楼种质资源的25个农艺性状、10个品质性状进行综合评价。结果 农艺性状的RSD和遗传多样性指数（H′）分别在3.56%～66.63%、1.80～2.25，品质性状的RSD和H′分别在34.26%～130.18%、1.47～2.00；其中，农艺性状的变异主要来源于茎秆紫色部分长、花梗长、花梗占比，品质性状的变异主要来源于重楼皂苷V、H和纤细薯蓣皂苷的含量。相关性分析显示重楼皂苷I、II、VII含量之和与株高、茎粗、叶形指数、根茎粗、粉末色度值L^*和E^*_ab等呈正相关。聚类分析将滇重楼种质分成3大类群，第I类群属高产型种质，第II类群属高品质种质，第III类群整体长势较差、有效成分含量和产量低，综合表现较差。PCA将35个性状简化为8个主成分，累积贡献率为85.602%。PLS-DA与PLS-R揭示茎高、叶长、根茎粗、粉末色度值L^*、E^*_ab、重楼皂苷I、II、VII含量之和对D值的贡献较大，是区分滇重楼优劣的重要性状。结论 综合排名前3位的种质为SZ-16、SZ-11、SZ-9，具有品质优异和产量较高的特点，可作为潜在的良种进行培育。农艺性状中的茎高、叶长、根茎粗和粉末色度值L^*、E^*_ab，以及品质性状中的重楼皂苷I、II、VII含量之和，可作为筛选优良种质的重要指标。

Objective To screen high-quality germplasm resources of Dianchonglou (Paris polyphylla var. yunnanensis), reveal the associations between phenotypic traits and saponin content, and lay a foundation for the exploration of genetic resources and the breeding of improved varieties. Methods Through genetic diversity analysis, correlation analysis, cluster analysis (CA), principal component analysis (PCA), partial least squares-discriminant analysis (PLS-DA), and partial least squares-regression analysis (PLS-R), a comprehensive evaluation was conducted on 25 agronomic traits and 10 quality traits of 41 selected P. polyphylla var. yunnanensis germplasm resources. Results The RSD and genetic diversity index (H′) for agronomic traits ranged from 3.56% to 66.63% and from 1.80 to 2.25, respectively. For quality traits, RSD and H′ ranged from 34.26% to 130.18% and from 1.47 to 2.00, respectively. The variation in agronomic traits was mainly attributed to the length of the purple stem portion, pedicel length, and pedicel ratio, while the variation in quality traits was mainly attributed to the contents of polyphyllin V, polyphyllin H, and gracillin. Correlation analysis showed that the sum of polyphyllin I, II, and VII contents was positively correlated with plant height, stem diameter, leaf shape index, rhizome diameter, and powder color values L^*and E^*_ab. Cluster analysis classified the P. polyphylla var. yunnanensis germplasm into three major groups: Group I represented high-yield germplasm, Group II represented high-quality germplasm, and Group III exhibited overall poor growth, low active component contents, and low yield, indicating a generally poor comprehensive performance. PCA simplified the 35 traits into eight principal components, with a cumulative contribution rate of 85.602%. PLS-DA and PLS-R revealed that stem height, leaf length, rhizome diameter, powder color values L^* and E^*_ab, and the total content of polyphyllin I, II, and VII contributed substantially to the D value, and could serve as important indicators for selecting superior provenances. Conclusion The top three germplasm resources based on comprehensive ranking were SZ-16, SZ-11, and SZ-9, which exhibited high quality and high yield, making them potential candidates for cultivation as elite varieties. The stem height, leaf length, rhizome diameter, and powder color values L^*and E^*_ab among agronomic traits, together with the total content of polyphyllin I, II, and VII among quality traits, are important characteristics for distinguishing superior from inferior P. polyphylla var. yunnanensis germplasm.

R282.12

滇重楼新品种选育（202502AS090021）；云南省科技人才和平台计划（202105AG070012）