目的 基于药用柴胡属4个物种的叶绿体全基因组数据筛选物种鉴定DNA分子标记。方法 基于已发表的柴胡属植物叶绿体基因组序列，利用生物信息学方法对其叶绿体基因组进行分析，并基于叶绿体基因组高变区开发精准鉴别柴胡药材4个基原物种的特异DNA条形码，最后进行验证。结果 4个物种叶绿体基因组大小在155 478～178 668 bp，呈典型四分体结构。基于高变区设计的2对引物均可对55份样品有效扩增，测序结果分析证明rps16-psbK和petN-psbM均可作为特异DNA条形码准确鉴定北柴胡Bupleurum chinense、狭叶柴胡B. scorzonerifolium、藏柴胡B. smithii和黑柴胡B. marginatum var. stenophyllum。结论 利用比较叶绿体基因组学筛选的特异DNA条形码rps16-psbK和petN-psbM可实现对柴胡药材4个基原物种的精准分类鉴定，为保障柴胡药材临床用药安全、规范柴胡药材市场秩序提供重要科学支撑。

Objective To screen species and identify DNA molecular markers based on the chloroplast whole genome data of four species of the genus Bupleurum for medicinal use. Methods Based on the published chloroplast genome sequences of Bupleurum plants, the chloroplast genome was analyzed using bioinformatics methods. A specific DNA barcode for accurately identifying the four original species of Bupleurum medicinal materials was developed based on the hypervariable regions of the chloroplast genome, and then verified. Results The chloroplast genomes of four species ranged in size from 155 478—178 668 bp. All the four genomes were represented as typical quadripartite structures. Two pairs of primers based on the hypervariable regions were designed to efficiently amplify 55 samples. The analysis of sequencing results confirmed that two hypervariable regions, rps16-psbK and petN-psbM, can be used as specific DNA barcodes for the identification of Bupleurum chinense, B. scorzonerifolium, B. smithii and B. marginatum var. stenophyllum. Conclusion The specific DNA barcodes rps16-psbK and petN-psbM, screened by comparative chloroplast genomics, could achieve precise classification and identification of the four original species of Bupleurum medicinal materials, providing important scientific support for ensuring the safety of clinical use and regulating the market order of Bupleurum medicinal materials.

R282.16

山西省科学技术厅山西省科技创新人才团队项目（202304051001020）；山西省中医药重点研究室建设项目（zyyyjs2024024）；山西省中医药管理局中医药创新团队项目（zyytd2024026）；山西中医药大学科技创新团队项目（2022TD2009）；山西中医药大学科技创新能力培育计划（2024PY-JL-10-01）；山西中医药大学博士科研启动资金（2023BK41）；2025年度中医药产业发展现代化支撑项目（2025zyycy02）