目的 研究瑞香科荛花属小黄构Wikstroemia micrantha的化学成分及生物活性。方法 利用正相硅胶柱色谱、ODS反相色谱和Sephadex LH20凝胶渗透色谱等色谱分离技术进行分离纯化，根据理化性质、1D NMR和ESI-MS等波谱手段鉴定化合物结构。利用CCK-8法进行化合物的肿瘤细胞毒（人乳腺癌MCF-7细胞、人卵巢癌SKOV3细胞、人结肠癌HCT-116细胞、人原髓细胞白血病HL-60细胞、人肝癌HepG2细胞）筛选；采用酶活性抑制法评估化合物对α-葡萄糖苷酶、丁酰胆碱酯酶（butyrylcholinesterase，BChE）及乙酰胆碱酯酶（acetylcholinesterase，AChE）的抑制作用。结果 从小黄构干燥枝叶乙醇提取物中分离得到10个化合物，分别鉴定为6,8-二甲基芹菜苷元（1）、2-(p-hydroxyphenoxy)-6,8-dimethyl-5,7-dihydroxychromone（2）、芫花素（3）、木犀草素（4）、伞形花内酯（5）、西瑞香素（6）、瑞香素（7）、2,2′-oxybis(1,4-di-tert-butylbenzene)（8）、(+)-3-hydroxy-1,5-diphenylpentan-1-one（9）、1,5-diphenylpentan-1-one（10）。体外抗肿瘤活性筛选实验表明化合物2、4对不同肿瘤细胞有弱的细胞毒性，其半数抑制浓度（median inhibition concentration，IC₅₀）值在18～50 μmol/L。在α-葡萄糖苷酶活性体外抑制实验中，化合物1、2、7表现出中等抑制活性，其IC₅₀分别为（15.51±0.49）、（15.99±1.15）、（19.65±1.71）μmol/L。BChE活性体外抑制实验的结果揭示了化合物7表现较强抑制活性，IC₅₀为（5.63±0.20）μmol/L，化合物9表现出中等抑制活性，IC₅₀为（13.22±0.84）μmol/L。化合物1～10无明显抑制AChE活性。结论 化合物1～10为首次从该植物中分离得到。生物活性筛选实验发现有多个化合物具有一定的抗肿瘤活性与选择性丁酰胆碱酯酶抑制活性，为小黄构药材的进一步研究开发提供了化学物质基础与实验数据支持。

Objective To investigate the chemical constituents and biological activities of Wikstroemia micrantha(Thymelaeaceae). Methods The chemical constituents were isolated and purified via multiple chromatographic techniques including normal-phase silica gel column chromatography, ODS reversed-phase column chromatography and Sephadex LH-20 gel permeation chromatography. The structures of isolated compounds were elucidated by physicochemical properties, 1D NMR, and ESI-MS spectroscopic analyses. The cytotoxic activities of all compounds against five human tumor cell lines (human breast cancer MCF-7 cells, human ovarian cancer SKOV3 cells, human colon cancer HCT-116 cells, human promyelocytic leukemia HL-60 cells, and human hepatocellular carcinoma HepG2 cells) were screened by the CCK-8 assay. Enzyme inhibition assays were performed to evaluate the inhibitory effects of the compounds on α-glucosidase, butyrylcholinesterase (BChE) and acetylcholinesterase (AChE). Results A total of ten compounds were isolated from the ethanol extract of the dried branches and leaves of W. micrantha, and their structures were identified as syzalterin (1), 2-(p-hydroxyphenoxy)-6,8-dimethyl-5,7-dihydroxychromone (2), genkwanin (3), luteolin (4), 7-hydroxycoumarin (5), daphnoretin (6), daphnetin (7), 2,2′-oxybis(1,4-di-tert-butylbenzene) (8), (+)-3-hhydroxy-1,5-diphenylpentan-1-one (9), 1,5-diphenylpentan-1-one (10). In vitro antitumor activity screening revealed that compounds 2 and4 exhibited weak cytotoxicity against various tumor cell lines, with their median inhibitory concentration (IC₅₀) values ranging from 18 to 50 μmol/L. In α-glucosidase inhibitory assay, compounds 1, 2 and 7 displayed moderate inhibitory activity, with IC₅₀ values of (15.51 ± 0.49), (15.99 ± 1.15) and (19.65 ± 1.71) μmol/L, respectively. Results from the in vitro BChE inhibitory assay indicated that compound7 exerted potent inhibitory activity with an IC₅₀ value of (5.63 ± 0.20) μmol/L, whereas compound 9 exhibited moderate inhibitory activity [IC₅₀ = (13.22 ± 0.84) μmol/L]. None of the isolated compounds 1—10 showed notable inhibitory activity against AChE. Conclusion Compounds 1—10 were isolated from W. micrantha for the first time. Bioactivity screening demonstrated that several isolates possessed favorable antitumor activity and selective BChE inhibitory effects. This study provides chemical material basis and experimental data support for further research and development of the medicinal material W. micrantha.

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上海市卫生健康委员会中医药科研项目（2024QN057）；海军军医大学“深蓝”工程启航人才计划；海军军医大学教学成果立项培育项目（JPY2024B06）；山东省中医药科技项目（M20251701）；山东中医药大学科学研究基金项目（KYZK2024M21）